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Rinkhals

Hemachatus haemachatus

ሓኪም የድልዮሳሕቲ እዩ ዝቐትል፣ ግን ንኽሳ ወይ ናብ ኣዒንቲ ዝኣተወ መርዚ ሓኪም የድልዮ።

ኮብራታት፣ ማምባታትን ክሬታትን

ይነዝሕ ወይ ይተፍእዝበልዖ፦ ስጋ

ሓደጋ ንሰባት: ከቢድንኽሳ ወይ ናብ ኣዒንቲ ዝኣተወ መርዚ ሓኪም የድልዮ። ሞት ኣዝዩ ሳሕቲ እዩ።

The rinkhals is a venomous snake that lives in southern Africa. It is often called the ring-necked spitting cobra, but it is not a true cobra. It is known for spitting venom at threats rather than relying on its bite.1

ዝነብረሉ

Southern Africa: South Africa, Lesotho and Eswatini, with an isolated Zimbabwe population that may be extinct1

ኣፍሪቃ

መበገሲ

It prefers grasslands, from the coast up to altitudes of 2,000 m. It is extremely common on the Highveld and in the grasslands of KwaZulu-Natal. Because it eats frogs and toads, it is often found near wetlands.1

ንውሓት

ካብ 90 cm ክሳብ 1,1 m (ካብ 3 ft ክሳብ 3,6 ft)1

ዝለዓለ ቅልጣፈ

ኣስታት 6,9 ኪ.ሜ/ሰዓት (4,3 ማይል/ሰዓት)

ኣብ መሬት, ግምት

እንታይ ይበልዕ?

It hunts during the daytime and will prey on any vertebrate small enough to eat. Toads are its most common food in the wild, but it also eats rodents and small lizards.1

ስእሊ Rinkhals — Rinkhals። ስእሊ፦ ProfbergerLee R. Berger። CC BY-SA 3.0, Wikimedia Commons.

ብኸመይ ትፈልጦ

Its belly is dark, with one or two light-coloured crossbands on the throat.1
Its usual total length, including the tail, is 90 to 110 cm.1
Colour varies. Some individuals are mostly black, while others are striped.1
When distressed, it spreads its hood to show a striped neck.1
Its dorsal scales are keeled, which means they have a ridge down the middle.1

ብዙሕ ግዜ ዝደናገረሉ፦ It closely resembles true cobras, which belong to the genus Naja. Its keeled dorsal scales and the lack of solid teeth on the maxilla (upper jaw bone) set it apart, and these differences are why it is placed in its own genus, Hemachatus.1

ሓይሊ መርዚ

ይነዝሕ ወይ ይተፍእ

ኣብ ልዕሊ ኣጥቀዕቱ ዘቃጽል ፈሳሲ ይነዝሕ ወይ ይተፍእ።

መርዙ (ክነኽስ ወይ ክነድፍ ከሎ) እንታይ ይገብር?

Its venom is neurotoxic, meaning it attacks the nerves, and partially cytotoxic, meaning it destroys body tissue. A bite causes great pain and can lead to necrosis (death of tissue). General symptoms include drowsiness, nausea, vomiting, violent abdominal pain, cramps and vertigo, and local swelling and bruising occur in about a quarter of cases.1

ንሰባት ክንደይ ሓደገኛ እዩ?

ሓደጋ ንሰባት: ከቢድንኽሳ ወይ ናብ ኣዒንቲ ዝኣተወ መርዚ ሓኪም የድልዮ። ሞት ኣዝዩ ሳሕቲ እዩ።

Bites are rare, because the snake relies on other defences first. Most bites happen when people try to handle it. No fatality from a rinkhals bite has been recorded in over 40 years.1

ብስራት፦ ሓካይም ነዚ መድሃኒት (ጸረ-መርዚ) ወይ ሕክምና ኣለዎም።1

ምስ ፈርሀ እንታይ ይገብር?

When threatened, it spreads its hood, hisses and lunges while spitting venom accurately up to 3 m, usually aiming at the face and eyes. If other defences fail, it may bite, and it can also roll over with its mouth open and tongue out.1

እንተ ነኺሱ ወይ እንተ ተፊኡ

Polyvalent antivenom is effective for treating rinkhals envenomation. If venom gets into the eyes, it causes great pain and inflammation, and corneal damage can occur if left untreated. Timely first aid and eye-washing will usually lead to recovery after a few days.1
ነቲ ሰብ ከይንቀሳቐስን ህዱእን ግበሮ፣ ቀለበታትን ዝጸበቡ ነገራትን ኣውጽእ፣ ብቕልጡፍ ድማ ናብ ሆስፒታል ውሰዶ፦ እቲ ሕክምና ጸረ-መርዚ መድሃኒት እዩ።
መርዚ ናብ ኣዒንቲ እንተ ተተፊኡ፣ ብኡንብኡ ነተን ኣዒንቲ ብብዙሕ ጽሩይ ማይ ሕጸበን።

ኩሉ ግዜ ቀዳምነት ናብ ቁጽሪ ህጹጽ ረድኤት ደውል (112፣ 000፣ 911)። እዚ ሓፈሻዊ መምርሒ ቀዳማይ ረድኤት እዩ፣ ሕክምናዊ ምኽሪ ኣይኮነን። መሰረታት ቀዳማይ ረድኤት

ብድሕንነት ጽናሕ

ንዘገዳም እንስሳ ፈጺምካ ኣይትተንክፎ፣ ኣይትሓዞ ወይ ኣይተሕርቖ፣ ንእሽቶ እንተ ኾነ እውን፣ ደቂሱ ወይ ሞይቱ እንተ መሰለ እውን።
ቦታ ሃቦ። እንተ ረኺብካዮ፣ ህዱእ ኹን፣ ቀስ ኢልካ ንድሕሪት ተመለስ፣ ናብ መገዱ ድማ ይኺድ ሕደጎ።
ሓደ እንተ ነኺሱካ ወይ ኣብ ኣዒንትኻ መርዚ እንተ ተፊኡ፦ ህዱእ ኹን፣ ከይተንቀሳቐስካ ጽናሕ፣ ናብ ቁጽሪ ህጹጽ ረድኤት (112፣ 000፣ 911) ደውል ወይ ብቕልጡፍ ናብ ሆስፒታል ኪድ። ከመይ ከም ዝመስል ዘክር፣ ስእሊ ይሕግዝ።

ንዓኻ ከጥቅዕ ኣይደልን እዩ። መርዙ ዝጥቀመሉ መግቢ ንምሓዝ ወይ ንርእሱ ንምክልኻል እዩ፣ ምሕባእ ድማ ኣዝዩ ይመርጽ። ብዛዕባ ድሕንነት ተወሳኺ

ኣበይ ኣብ ዓለም?

ኣፍሪቃ እስያ ኤውሮጳ ሰሜን ኣመሪካ ደቡብ ኣመሪካ ኣውስትራልያን ኦሽያንያን

ክንደይ ዓቢ እዩ?

ክንደይ ይነውሕ?

ካብ ኣፍንጫ ክሳብ ጭራ ከም ዝተሰርዑ 2 ኣናሙ ገዛ ይነውሕጫፍ ንጫፍ ከም ዝተሰርዑ 6 ባናናታት ይነውሕ100 ሜትሮ ብ52 ካልኢት ክሽፍን ይኽእል (እቲ ዝቐልጠፈ ሰብ 9.6 የድልዮ)

Rinkhals ምሳኻ ክወዳደር ከሎ ክንደይ ዓቢ እዩ?

ኣብ ብራውዘርካ ዝስራሕ ሕሳብ ጥራይ። ዋላ ሓደ ነገር ኣይዕቀብን ናብ ዝኾነ ቦታ ድማ ኣይለኣኽን።

ክንደይ ቅልጡፍ እዩ?

ዝኸይድ ሰብ ኣስታት 5 ኪ.ሜ/ሰዓት (3,1 mph)

Rinkhals ኣስታት 6,9 ኪ.ሜ/ሰዓት (4,3 mph)

ኣብ ብሽክለታ ዘሎ ቆልዓ ኣስታት 12 ኪ.ሜ/ሰዓት (7,5 mph)

ክፍለጥ ዘለዎ

ሓቅታት

When threatened, it can play dead by rolling onto its back with its mouth open and tongue out. This behaviour, called thanatosis, is also seen in some other snakes.1

It can spit venom accurately at targets up to 3 m away and has good control over its venom glands.1

Unlike true cobras, which lay eggs, it gives birth to live young.1

It is not a true cobra. It belongs to its own genus, Hemachatus, which has only one species.1

ጽውጽዋይ ዝሰብር

ጽውጽዋይ፦ The rinkhals is a true cobra.

ሓቂ፦ It bears a great resemblance to true cobras, but it belongs to the genus Hemachatus rather than Naja, so it is not a true cobra.1

ንክኢላታት መርዚ

ሳይንሳዊ ስም: Hemachatus haemachatus
ጉጅለ: ኮብራታት፣ ማምባታትን ክሬታትን
ስድራ ቤት: Elapidae2
ቅደም ሰዓብ: Squamata
ክፍለ ዓለማት: ኣፍሪቃ
ህጻናት: It gives birth to live young rather than laying eggs. A litter usually has around 20 to 30 young, though some females give birth to over 60, typically in late summer (December to March in the southern hemisphere).1
ሓደጋ ንሰባት: 3 / 5: ከቢድ3

ሓቅታት ካበይ ይመጹ

Rinkhals (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
Hemachatus haemachatus (iNaturalist): ኣስማትን ምምዳብን።
Venom Wiki: ደረጃ ሓደጋ፣ ልሙድ ዓቐንን ግምት ቅልጣፈን ናትና እዮም። ብኸመይ ከም እነውጽኦም ርአ፦ ሓደጋ ብኸመይ ንግምግም.

ኣብዚ ገጽ ዘሎ ነፍሲ ወከፍ ሓቂ ናብ ምንጩ ዘመልክት ቁጽሪ ኣለዎ። ገለ ነገር እንተ ተጋጊና፣ ይቕሬታ፣ ንሕና ፈተውቲ እንስሳታት ኢና፣ መጽሔት ሳይንስ ኣይኮንናን። ብ[email protected] ንገረና፣ ክነስተኻኽሎ ኢና።

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