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Cartoon ng Spider-tailed horned viper
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Spider-tailed horned viper

Pseudocerastes urarachnoides
Tungkol sa pangalan: The scientific name comes from Ancient Greek words meaning tail, spider and 'like', because of its spider-like tail tip.1
Kailangan ng doktorBihirang nakamamatay, pero kailangang magpatingin sa doktor kapag nakagat.
Mga viper at adder Mga kagatKinakain: Karne
Panganib sa tao: MalalaKailangang magpatingin sa doktor kapag nakagat. Napakabihira ng namamatay.

The spider-tailed horned viper is a venomous snake with a tail tip that looks like a spider. It lives only in the mountains of western Iran and the nearby eastern part of Iraq. It wiggles its tail to lure birds close enough to catch.1

Nakatira sa
Western Iran and the eastern part of Iraq, near the Iran-Iraq border, mainly on the western side of the Zagros Mountains1
Asya
Home
It lives at higher elevations, mostly on rocky ground made of gypsum, and prefers deep cracks and holes in the rock. These spots trap humidity and moisture during hot summers. During the day it is most often found in the shade of a shrub.1
Haba
60 cm (2 ft)3
karaniwang laki ng adult
Pinakamataas na bilis
mga 3.4 km/h (2.1 mph)
Sa lupa, tantiya lang
Ano ang kinakain nito?
It eats birds, including the Isabelline shrike and several warbler species. It waves the tip of its tail in a figure-of-eight pattern to lure insect-eating birds within striking range.1
Totoo!Litrato ng Spider-tailed horned viper
Spider-tailed horned viper. Litrato: Omid Mozaffari. Public domain, Wikimedia Commons.

Paano ito makikilala

  • The scales above each eye rise up into small horns.1
  • About 16 to 17 scales sit between the horns.1
  • The bulb-shaped tail tip is bordered by long, drooping scales that look like spider legs.1
  • The scales on the body are rougher than those of other species in its genus.1
  • It has 15 pairs of subcaudal scales (the scales on the underside of the tail).1

Madalas mapagkamalang: It looks very similar to other Pseudocerastes vipers in the region, especially around the head. The unusual, spider-like tail tip is the feature that sets it apart.1

Lakas ng kamandag

Mga kagat

Lumalabas ang kamandag sa pangil o ngipin nito kapag nangangagat ito.

Ano ang epekto ng kamandag nito?

Its venom mainly acts as a cytotoxin, which destroys cells across a wide variety of cell types, and it has minor neurotoxic effects, which attack the nerves. It is a procoagulant, meaning it makes blood clot, and reports describe clotting in about 13 seconds. The venom affects birds most strongly, and also affects mammals and amphibians. A 2021 study by Brouw found it has a coagulant effect on humans and affects Factor X, a protein needed for blood clotting.1

Gaano ito kapanganib sa tao?

Panganib sa tao: MalalaKailangang magpatingin sa doktor kapag nakagat. Napakabihira ng namamatay.

No human bite has ever been recorded in the wild. How severe its effects would be on people is not known.1

Kung kumagat ito

  • Panatilihing hindi gumagalaw at kalmado ang tao, panatilihin ang nakagat na braso o binti sa antas ng puso, tanggalin ang mga singsing at masisikip na bagay, at pumunta agad sa ospital.

Laging tawagan muna ang numero pang-emergency (112, 000, 911). Ito ay pangkalahatang gabay sa pangunang lunas, hindi payong medikal. Mga batayan ng pangunang lunas

Mag-ingat

  • Huwag kailanman hawakan, hulihin o asarin ang ligaw na hayop, kahit maliit, at kahit mukha itong tulog o patay.
  • Bigyan ito ng espasyo. Kung makasalubong ka ng isa, manatiling kalmado, dahan-dahang umatras at hayaan itong umalis.
  • Kung kagatin ka ng isa: manatiling kalmado, huwag gumalaw, tawagan ang numero pang-emergency (112, 000, 911) o pumunta agad sa ospital. Tandaan ang itsura nito, makakatulong ang litrato.

Hindi ka nito hinahabol. Ginagamit nito ang kamandag para manghuli ng pagkain o ipagtanggol ang sarili, at mas gusto pa nitong magtago. Higit pa tungkol sa pag-iingat

Saan sa mundo?

AprikaAsyaEuropaHilagang AmerikaTimog AmerikaAustralia at Oceania

Gaano ito kalaki?

Gaano ito kahaba?

Spider-tailed horned viper mga 60 cm ang haba (2 ft)Isang pusang bahay mga 50 cm (1.6 ft)Isang aso mga 1 m (3.3 ft)
kasinghaba ng 3 saging na magkakadugtongkayang tapusin ang 100 metro sa loob ng 110 segundo (9.6 ang kailangan ng pinakamabilis na tao)

Gaano kalaki si Spider-tailed horned viper kumpara sa IYO?

Math lang sa browser mo. Walang sine-save o ipinapadala kahit saan.

Gaano ito kabilis?

magandang malaman

Mga fact

1

Its tail is moved in a figure-of-eight pattern, and it moves faster when birds are nearby. Field studies have confirmed that this is a lure and not random movement.1

2

Footage of it luring migrating birds appears in the Asia episode of the BBC series Seven Worlds, One Planet, narrated by David Attenborough.1

3

A digested lark was found in the stomach of one of the specimens used to describe the species, supporting the idea that the tail lures birds.1

4

Its tail tip is a form of aggressive mimicry, where a predator looks like something else to attract its prey.1

5

Several other snakes, such as the sidewinder and the green tree python, also use the tip of their tail as a lure, but none has the elongated scales that look like arthropod legs.1

6

A specimen collected in 1968 was first identified as a Persian horned viper. It was only recognised as a separate species and described in 2006.1

Myth buster

Mito: The strange tail tip was caused by a parasite, a deformity or a tumour.

Totoo: Early specimens were thought to have a damaged tail tip. In fact, the spider-like tail is a natural feature that the snake uses to lure birds.1

Para sa mga eksperto sa kamandag

Pangalang siyentipiko
Pseudocerastes urarachnoides
Grupo
Mga viper at adder
Pamilya
Viperidae2
Ayos
Squamata
Mga kontinente
Asya
Panganib sa tao
3 / 5: Malala3

Saan galing ang mga fact

  1. Spider-tailed horned viper (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
  2. Pseudocerastes urarachnoides (iNaturalist): mga pangalan at klasipikasyon.
  3. Venom Wiki: sarili naming tantiya ang antas ng panganib, karaniwang laki at hula sa bilis. Tingnan kung paano namin ito kinukuwenta: Paano namin sinusukat ang panganib.

Bawat fact sa pahinang ito ay may numerong tumuturo sa pinagmulan nito. Kung may mali kami, pasensya na, mahilig lang kami sa hayop, hindi kami science journal. Sabihin sa amin sa [email protected] at aayusin namin.

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Higit pa mula sa parehong grupo: Mga viper at adder

Indian saw-scaled viperMga viper at adderNakamamatayPuff adderMga viper at adderNakamamatayUlupong ni RussellMga viper at adderNakamamatayCommon European adderMga viper at adderKailangan ng doktorEastern Russell's viperMga viper at adderNakamamatayNortheast African carpet viperMga viper at adderNakamamatay

Nakatira rin sa: Asya

Alakdang deathstalkerMga alakdanNakamamatayKobrang IndiyanoMga kobra, mamba at kraitNakamamatayKing cobraMga kobra, mamba at kraitNakamamatayAsian giant hornetMga bubuyog, putakti at hornetPuwedeng pumatayKomodo dragonMga makamandag na butikiPuwedeng pumataySpanish flyIba pang nakalalasong hayopKailangan ng doktorHuwag hawakan
Pakainin ang alakdantip jar, pinapanatili itong libre