第 0024 号，共 1 402 张

Black-necked spitting cobra

Naja nigricollis

名字的由来： The scientific name comes from Latin: 'niger' means black and 'collis' means neck. The genus name Naja comes from the Sanskrit word for cobra.1

可致命不治疗可能会要你的命。如果它咬了你或朝你眼睛吐毒液，赶快求助。

眼镜蛇、曼巴蛇和环蛇

会喷或会吐吃：肉

对人的危险: 非常危险不治疗可能会害死人。

The black-necked spitting cobra is a venomous snake found mostly in sub-Saharan Africa. It can squirt venom from its fangs at a threat, and that venom can cause permanent blindness if it gets into the eyes. Its colours vary a lot from place to place.1

生活在

Mostly sub-Saharan Africa, in western, eastern, central and parts of southern Africa. Absent from the Congo Basin rainforests.1

非洲

首页

It usually lives in savanna and semi-desert, up to 1,800 metres, and also in moist savanna and cleared former forest, especially near rivers and streams. It is often met in villages and small towns, where it may come into direct contact with people. It hides in tree trunks, termite mounds and rodent holes.1

长度

1.2 m到2.2 m (3.9 ft到7.2 ft)1

最高速度

约 7.8 公里/小时（4.8 英里/小时）

在陆地上, 粗略估计

它吃什么？

It feeds mainly on small rodents such as small rats and mice. It also eats birds, fishes, lizards, eggs and other snakes.1

Black-necked spitting cobra的照片 — Black-necked spitting cobra。照片：Nigel Voaden。 CC BY 4.0, iNaturalist.

怎样认出它

Moderately sized, with a moderately distinct head, and grows to 1.2 to 2.2 metres.1
Many specimens have a broad black neck band, often with an orange or pinkish bar on the neck.1
Colours vary by region: black or pale grey, yellowish-brown, deep reddish-brown, olive brown, striped black and white, or totally white with dark eyes.1
Some have a yellow or reddish belly, while others lack the neck bands and belly colour.1

毒液之力

会喷或会吐

它会向攻击者喷射刺激性液体。

它的毒液会造成什么？

Its venom is mostly cytotoxic, meaning it destroys cells, and it also has typical elapid neurotoxic (nerve-attacking) effects and cardiotoxic (heart-damaging) components. A bite causes severe bleeding from the wound, tissue death around the bite, and difficulty breathing. Venom in the eyes causes extreme burning pain, loss of coordination, partial loss of vision, and permanent blindness.1

它对人有多危险？

对人的危险: 非常危险不治疗可能会害死人。

Its venom is medically significant. The death rate for untreated bites is about 5 to 10%, and under 1% in areas where it is common. When death occurs, it is usually from paralysis of the diaphragm, the muscle used for breathing.1

它害怕时会做什么？

It spits venom from its fangs at a threat, reaching up to 7 metres with good accuracy. It also bites readily, even with only slight provocation.1

如果它咬人或吐毒液

If venom gets into the eyes, it should be washed off, because permanent blindness can follow if it is not. Anyone bitten should get medical treatment, as untreated bites carry a much higher risk of death.1
让人保持安静不动，摘下戒指和紧身物品，尽快送医院：抗毒血清是治疗方法。
如果毒液被喷进眼睛，立刻用大量清水冲洗。

一定先拨打你的急救电话（112、000、911）。这里是一般急救指导，不是医疗建议。急救基础

注意安全

永远不要摸、抓或逗弄野生动物，即使是很小的，即使它看起来在睡觉或已经死了。
给它留出空间。如果遇到它，保持冷静，慢慢后退，让它走自己的路。
如果它咬了你或朝你眼睛吐了毒液：保持冷静，保持不动，拨打你的急救电话（112、000、911）或尽快去医院。记住它长什么样，拍张照片会有帮助。

它不是冲着你来的。它用毒液捕猎或保护自己，而且它更愿意躲起来。更多安全知识

在世界哪里？

非洲亚洲欧洲北美洲南美洲澳大利亚和大洋洲

它有多大？

它有多长？

和 4 只家猫鼻子接尾巴一样长和 12 根香蕉首尾相接一样长46 秒就能跑完 100 米（最快的人需要 9.6 秒）

Black-necked spitting cobra和你比起来有多大？

只是在你的浏览器里算一算。什么都不会被保存或发送到任何地方。

它有多快？

一个在走路的人 约 5 公里/小时 (3.1 mph)

Black-necked spitting cobra 约 7.8 公里/小时 (4.8 mph)

一个骑自行车的孩子 约 12 公里/小时 (7.5 mph)

值得了解

事实

It can spit venom accurately more than 7 metres away.1

In 1944, a British eye surgeon, Major Harold Ridley, described eye damage from a spit from this cobra in Ghana. He treated the man and followed his case until the eye fully recovered.1

A single bite can deliver 200 to 350 mg of venom (dry weight), according to a 1974 study by Minton.1

It is an excellent tree climber and can live in trees at times.1

Wild-caught individuals tend to be nervous and spit readily, while captive-bred animals are much calmer.1

It can be active at night or during the day, depending on the season, location and temperature.1

谣言粉碎机

谣言： Spitting cobras only spit venom and do not bite.

真相： The black-necked spitting cobra also bites, and it will do so with only slight provocation.1

给毒液专家

学名: Naja nigricollis
类别: 眼镜蛇、曼巴蛇和环蛇
家人: Elapidae2
排序: Squamata
大洲: 非洲
宝宝: Females usually lay 10 to 15 eggs, though they can lay between 8 and 22. The young are about 20 to 25 cm long at birth and are fully independent.1
对人的危险: 4 / 5: 非常危险3