第 0607 号，共 1 402 张

Israeli mole viper

Atractaspis engaddensis

名字的由来： The scientific name refers to Ein Gedi, the place on the western shore of the Dead Sea where the snake was first found. Its common name 'mole viper' comes from its habit of living in underground burrows.1

可致命不治疗可能会要你的命。如果它咬了你，赶快求助。

后沟牙蛇

咬伤吃：肉

对人的危险: 非常危险不治疗可能会害死人。

The Israeli mole viper is a small, dark, venomous snake that lives in deserts in the Middle East. It spends most of its time underground or hidden under rocks, and it is active mainly at night. It is one of the most venomous snakes in its region, but bites to people are rare.1

生活在

Palestine, Egypt (Sinai Peninsula), Israel, Jordan and Saudi Arabia1

亚洲

首页

It lives mainly in arid or semi-arid desert areas, in underground burrows and under rocks. It is also found in desert oases and around streams and springs rich in vegetation. It sometimes enters human settlements, and it can be seen basking on roads on warm nights.1

长度

60 cm到80 cm (2 ft到2.6 ft)1

最高速度

约 4.8 公里/小时（3 英里/小时）

在陆地上, 粗略估计

它吃什么？

It prefers hatchling snakes, but it also eats lizards and small mammals such as young rodents.1

Israeli mole viper的照片 — Israeli mole viper。照片：PyramidsFC。 CC0, Wikimedia Commons.

怎样认出它

Its body is usually dark black.1
It has small eyes with round pupils.1
Its head and tail are short and pointed, so the two ends can be hard to tell apart, even for experts.1
It is about 60 to 80 cm long.1
It is active mainly at night.1

毒液之力

咬伤

它咬的时候，毒液通过毒牙或牙齿出来。

它的毒液会造成什么？

Its venom contains three toxins called sarafotoxins, which act strongly on the heart. The venom affects the heart's electrical rhythm, causing an A-V block, which means the signal between the upper and lower chambers of the heart is interrupted. Death from very high doses is rapid and seems to result from effects on the nerves.1

它对人有多危险？

对人的危险: 非常危险不治疗可能会害死人。

It is an extremely venomous snake. Bites are rare because it lives mostly in deserts and underground and is slow to react. Most people survive a bite with little or no lasting damage, even small children with proper treatment. Only 2 to 3 fatal cases have been recorded since its discovery in 1950, the most recent in 2002, when a man tried to capture a snake near his house.1

它害怕时会做什么？

When threatened, it rolls up with its tail raised and its head hidden under its body.1

如果它咬人

清洗咬伤处，让人保持冷静并就医。有些种类（比如非洲树蛇）可能几小时后才致命。

一定先拨打你的急救电话（112、000、911）。这里是一般急救指导，不是医疗建议。急救基础

注意安全

永远不要摸、抓或逗弄野生动物，即使是很小的，即使它看起来在睡觉或已经死了。
给它留出空间。如果遇到它，保持冷静，慢慢后退，让它走自己的路。
如果被它咬了：保持冷静，保持不动，拨打你的急救电话（112、000、911）或尽快去医院。记住它长什么样，拍张照片会有帮助。

它不是冲着你来的。它用毒液捕猎或保护自己，而且它更愿意躲起来。更多安全知识

在世界哪里？

非洲亚洲欧洲北美洲南美洲澳大利亚和大洋洲

它有多大？

它有多长？

和 1.5 只家猫鼻子接尾巴一样长和 4 根香蕉首尾相接一样长75 秒就能跑完 100 米（最快的人需要 9.6 秒）

Israeli mole viper和你比起来有多大？

只是在你的浏览器里算一算。什么都不会被保存或发送到任何地方。

它有多快？

一只陆龟 约 0.3 公里/小时 (0.19 mph)

Israeli mole viper 约 4.8 公里/小时 (3 mph)

一个在走路的人 约 5 公里/小时 (3.1 mph)

值得了解

事实

Its fangs can be turned to point outside its mouth, so it can stab sideways even with its mouth closed.1

Capturing this snake is dangerous, because it can bite sideways even when held by the head. Zoologist Heinrich Mendelssohn was bitten this way when he first captured one in 1944.1

There is currently no antivenom available for this snake.1

Its eggs are large compared with its body size and with snakes in general.1

It mates in July and August, which is late compared with other snakes and may point to a tropical origin.1

It is relatively non-aggressive and slow to react, even when disturbed.1

给毒液专家

学名: Atractaspis engaddensis
类别: 后沟牙蛇
家人: Atractaspididae2
排序: Squamata
大洲: 亚洲
宝宝: Between the end of September and November, the female lays 2 to 3 large, elongated eggs, about 7.5 cm long, in humid conditions. The young hatch after about 3 months already equipped with venom.1
对人的危险: 4 / 5: 非常危险3