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Golden lancehead

Bothrops insularis

Sobre el nom: Its common name comes from the light yellowish-brown colour of its underside and from its lance-shaped head, which is typical of the genus Bothrops.1

Pot matarEt pot matar sense tractament. Si et mossega, busca ajuda de pressa.

Escurçons de fosseta

MossegadesMenja: Carn

Perill per a les persones: Molt perillósPot matar una persona que no rep tractament.

The golden lancehead is an extremely venomous pit viper that lives only on one small Brazilian island, Ilha da Queimada Grande. It is one of the most venomous snakes in Latin America. Because the island is uninhabited and closed to visitors, it is very unlikely that people will ever meet one.1

Viu a

Ilha da Queimada Grande (Snake Island), off the coast of São Paulo state, Brazil. Found nowhere else in the wild.1

Amèrica del Sud

Inici

The island has forest, clearings and shrubs, and a mild climate that stays between 18 °C and just over 22 °C. The rocky terrain makes the island hard to reach, and no humans or other mammals live there. The snake hunts in trees and shelters in leaf litter or rock crevices.1

Llargada

de 70 cm a 1,2 m (de 2,3 ft a 3,9 ft)1

Velocitat màxima

uns 3,5 km/h (2,2 mph)

A terra, estimació aproximada

Què menja?

Adults mostly eat perching birds and also lizards, and may sometimes eat other golden lanceheads. After biting prey, it keeps the animal in its mouth instead of releasing it and tracking it, which is thought to suit hunting birds.1

Foto de Golden lancehead — Golden lancehead. Foto: Nayeryouakim. CC BY-SA 4.0, Wikimedia Commons.

Com reconèixer-lo

Pale yellowish-brown body with a series of dorsal blotches that may be triangular or square.1
Belly is a uniform pale yellow or cream.1
Lance-shaped head that comes to a point at the nose.1
No well-defined stripe running behind the eye.1
Has a longer tail than its closest relative, B. jararaca.1

Sovint es confon amb: Its closest relative is B. jararaca, which lives in southern Brazil, Paraguay and northern Argentina. The golden lancehead can be told apart from it mainly by its longer tail.1

Poder del verí

Mossegades

El verí surt pels ullals o les dents quan mossega.

Què fa el seu verí?

Its venom is adapted to the animals of the island, mainly reptiles, arthropods and migrating birds, so it works better on these than on mammals. Chemical analysis suggests it is five times as potent as the venom of B. jararaca and is the fastest-acting venom in the genus Bothrops. Its venom becomes more potent as the snake matures. Effects reported in envenomations include swelling, pain, nausea, vomiting, blood blisters, bruising, bleeding into the gut and brain, kidney failure and severe muscle damage.1

Com de perillós és per a les persones?

Perill per a les persones: Molt perillósPot matar una persona que no rep tractament.

No official report of a human bite from this species has been made, because the island is uninhabited. Other lanceheads cause more human deaths than any other group of snakes in North or South America. One researcher reports four human envenomations by this species, three of which were fatal. For lanceheads in general, the mortality rate is 0.5 to 3.0% with treatment and 7.0% without it.1

Si mossega

Mantén la persona quieta i tranquil·la, mantén l'extremitat mossegada a l'altura del cor, treu-li anells i coses que estrenyin i porta-la de pressa a un hospital.

Truca sempre primer al número d'emergències (112, 000, 911). Això són pautes generals de primers auxilis, no consells mèdics. Primers auxilis bàsics

Estigues segur

No toquis, atrapis ni molestis mai un animal salvatge, encara que sigui petit i encara que sembli adormit o mort.
Deixa-li espai. Si en trobes un, mantén la calma, recula a poc a poc i deixa que segueixi el seu camí.
Si te'n mossega un: mantén la calma, no et moguis, truca al número d'emergències (112, 000, 911) o ves de pressa a un hospital. Recorda com era, una foto ajuda.

No va a per tu. Fa servir el verí per caçar o per defensar-se, i prefereix mil vegades amagar-se. Més sobre com estar segur

On del món?

Àfrica Àsia Europa Amèrica del Nord Amèrica del Sud Austràlia i Oceania

Que gran és?

Quant fa de llarg?

fa de llarg com 2,5 gats de casa del nas a la cuafa de llarg com 7 plàtans en filapodria recórrer 100 metres en 100 segons (l'humà més ràpid necessita 9,6)

Que gran és Golden lancehead comparat amb TU?

Només càlculs al teu navegador. No es desa ni s'envia res enlloc.

Com de ràpid va?

Una tortuga uns 0,3 km/h (0,19 mph)

Golden lancehead uns 3,5 km/h (2,2 mph)

Una persona caminant uns 5 km/h (3,1 mph)

val la pena saber-ho

Dades

Its venom is thought to be five times as potent as that of its closest relative, B. jararaca.1

Its venom has evolved to suit the animals of its island, which has no native mammals.1

Its tail is longer than that of its closest relative, which may help it climb through trees and catch larger birds from a younger age.1

The island's population was estimated at between 2,414 and 2,899 snakes in 2021.1

Travel to the island is strictly prohibited by the Brazilian government.1

It is found only on Ilha da Queimada Grande, an island of about 43 hectares, and nowhere else in the wild.1

Per a experts en verins

Nom científic: Bothrops insularis
Grup: Escurçons de fosseta
Família: Viperidae2
Ordre: Squamata
Continents: Amèrica del Sud
Cries: Like most vipers, it gives birth to live young. The average number of young per pregnancy is 6.5.1
Com li va a la natura: Critically Endangered (IUCN Red List)1
Perill per a les persones: 4 / 5: Molt perillós3

D'on surten les dades

Golden lancehead (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
Bothrops insularis (iNaturalist): noms i classificació.
Venom Wiki: el nivell de perill, la mida típica i la velocitat estimada són nostres. Mira com els calculem: Com valorem el perill.

Cada dada d'aquesta pàgina té un número que porta a la seva font. Si ens hem equivocat en alguna cosa, perdona, som fans dels animals, no una revista científica. Escriu-nos a [email protected] i ho arreglarem.

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