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Spider-tailed horned viper

Pseudocerastes urarachnoides

Ko fii innde ndee: The scientific name comes from Ancient Greek words meaning tail, spider and 'like', because of its spider-like tail tip.1

No sokli doktoroSeeɗa tun no wara, kono ŋatgol no haani doktoro.

Wipeeri e adder

ŊatgolNo ñaama: Teewu

Musiiba e yimɓe: Musiiba mawɗoŊatgol no haani doktoro. Maayde no famɗi sanne.

The spider-tailed horned viper is a venomous snake with a tail tip that looks like a spider. It lives only in the mountains of western Iran and the nearby eastern part of Iraq. It wiggles its tail to lure birds close enough to catch.1

No hoɗi nder

Western Iran and the eastern part of Iraq, near the Iran-Iraq border, mainly on the western side of the Zagros Mountains1

Aazi

Hello arano

It lives at higher elevations, mostly on rocky ground made of gypsum, and prefers deep cracks and holes in the rock. These spots trap humidity and moisture during hot summers. During the day it is most often found in the shade of a shrub.1

Juutugol

60 cm (2 ft)3

mawnugol mawnuɗo aadaajo

Yaawugol ɓurngol toowugol

wona 3,4 km/h (2,1 mph)

E leydi yoornde, miijo tun

Ko honɗun ngal ñaamata?

It eats birds, including the Isabelline shrike and several warbler species. It waves the tip of its tail in a figure-of-eight pattern to lure insect-eating birds within striking range.1

Hono anndirtee ngal

The scales above each eye rise up into small horns.1
About 16 to 17 scales sit between the horns.1
The bulb-shaped tail tip is bordered by long, drooping scales that look like spider legs.1
The scales on the body are rougher than those of other species in its genus.1
It has 15 pairs of subcaudal scales (the scales on the underside of the tail).1

No jiibondiree e: It looks very similar to other Pseudocerastes vipers in the region, especially around the head. The unusual, spider-like tail tip is the feature that sets it apart.1

Doole tooke ŋatgol

Ŋatgol

Tooke no yaltira ñiiƴe mum tuma ngal ŋatata.

Ko honɗun tooke mum waɗata (ŋatgol walla jukkugol)?

Its venom mainly acts as a cytotoxin, which destroys cells across a wide variety of cell types, and it has minor neurotoxic effects, which attack the nerves. It is a procoagulant, meaning it makes blood clot, and reports describe clotting in about 13 seconds. The venom affects birds most strongly, and also affects mammals and amphibians. A 2021 study by Brouw found it has a coagulant effect on humans and affects Factor X, a protein needed for blood clotting.1

Hono musiiba mum heewiri e yimɓe?

Musiiba e yimɓe: Musiiba mawɗoŊatgol no haani doktoro. Maayde no famɗi sanne.

No human bite has ever been recorded in the wild. How severe its effects would be on people is not known.1

Si no ŋata

Haɗu neɗɗo on dillagol, deeƴnu mo, jogo koyngal walla jungo ŋataaɗo on e toownde ɓernde, ittu baagiiji e ko tiiɗi fow, yahra mo lopitaan law.

Adii fow noddu nimero ballal (112, 000, 911). Ɗum ko anndinal ballal adiingal, wanaa saaraangal doktoro. Ko adii nder ballal adiingal

Reen hoore maa

Wota a meem, wota a nanngu, wota a jalnu kullal ladde haa abada, hay si ko tokooso, hay si no yi'ee no ɗaanii walla maayii.
Accu ngal nokku. Si a fotti e ngal, deeƴu, ruttu ɓaawo seeɗa seeɗa, accu ngal yaha laawol mum.
Si gooto e majji ŋatii ma: deeƴu, wota a dillu, noddu nimero ballal (112, 000, 911) walla yahu lopitaan law. Jogo e hakkille no ngal nanndi, natal no walla.

Ngal faalaaka gaañugol ma. Ngal no huutora tooke mum ngam nanngugol ñaamdu walla reenugol hoore mum, ngal ɓuri yiɗugol suuɗaade. Ko ɓeydi fii reenugol hoore maa

Hoto nder aduna?

Afirik Aazi Orop Amerik Nord Amerik Sud Ostarali e Oseyani

Hono mawniri?

Hono juutiri?

juuti no banaanaaji 3 jokkondirɗino waawi taccugol meeteruuji 100 nder segonde 110 (neɗɗo ɓurɗo yaawugol sokli 9,6)

Hono Spider-tailed horned viper mawniri, si fooɗondiraama e AN?

Ko limoore tun nder navigateur maa. Alaa ko danndetee walla ko neldetee ka nokku woo.

Hono yaawiri?

Heende wona 0,3 km/h (0,19 mph)

Spider-tailed horned viper wona 3,4 km/h (2,1 mph)

Neɗɗo yahoowo e koyɗe wona 5 km/h (3,1 mph)

moƴƴi anndugol

Humpito

Its tail is moved in a figure-of-eight pattern, and it moves faster when birds are nearby. Field studies have confirmed that this is a lure and not random movement.1

Footage of it luring migrating birds appears in the Asia episode of the BBC series Seven Worlds, One Planet, narrated by David Attenborough.1

A digested lark was found in the stomach of one of the specimens used to describe the species, supporting the idea that the tail lures birds.1

Its tail tip is a form of aggressive mimicry, where a predator looks like something else to attract its prey.1

Several other snakes, such as the sidewinder and the green tree python, also use the tip of their tail as a lure, but none has the elongated scales that look like arthropod legs.1

A specimen collected in 1968 was first identified as a Persian horned viper. It was only recognised as a separate species and described in 2006.1

Bonnoowo fenaandeeji

Fenaande: The strange tail tip was caused by a parasite, a deformity or a tumour.

Goonga: Early specimens were thought to have a damaged tail tip. In fact, the spider-like tail is a natural feature that the snake uses to lure birds.1

Ngam ganduɓe tooke

Innde ganndal: Pseudocerastes urarachnoides
Fedde: Wipeeri e adder
Ɓesngu: Viperidae2
Ordre: Squamata
Leyɗe mawɗe: Aazi
Musiiba e yimɓe: 3 / 5: Musiiba mawɗo3

Ɗo humpitooji ɗin iwri

Spider-tailed horned viper (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
Pseudocerastes urarachnoides (iNaturalist): inɗe e ŋoordingol (classification).
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