No. 0517 / 1 402

Eastern diamondback rattlesnake

Crotalus adamanteus

命をうばうこともある治療しないと命にかかわる。かまれたら、急いで助けを呼ぼう。

かむ食べもの：肉

The eastern diamondback rattlesnake is a pit viper that lives in the southeastern United States. It is the largest rattlesnake species and one of the heaviest venomous snakes in the Americas. Its diamond-patterned back and loud rattle make it easy to recognise, and it is widely regarded as one of the most dangerous venomous snakes in North America.1

すんでいる場所

Southeastern United States, from southeastern North Carolina through Florida to the Florida Keys, and west to southeastern Louisiana1

北アメリカ

ホーム

It lives in upland dry pine forests, flatwoods, sandhills, coastal hammocks, cypress swamps and salt marshes. It often shelters in burrows made by gophers and gopher tortoises.1

長さ

1.1 mから2.4 m (3.6 ftから7.9 ft)1

体重

800 gから15 kg (1.8 lbから34 lb)1

最高速度

時速約4.2 km（時速2.6マイル）

陸で, おおまかな予想

何を食べるの？

It hunts small mammals, especially rabbits and rice rats, and also eats birds. It either actively searches for prey or waits coiled in ambush for up to a week. After striking and releasing its prey, it follows the scent trail the dying animal leaves.1

Eastern diamondback rattlesnakeの写真 — Eastern diamondback rattlesnake。写真：Caudatejake。 CC BY-SA 4.0, Wikimedia Commons.

見分け方

Dark brown to black diamond-shaped blotches on a brownish, grey or olive background, each outlined with cream or yellowish scales1
A dark stripe runs from behind each eye to the mouth corner, edged above and below by white or yellow stripes1
A rattle of hollow segments at the tail tip, which break off and are replaced when the snake sheds1
Five to ten bands around the tail, below the diamond pattern1
A large, heavy body, with adults often around 1.1 to 1.7 m long1

毒パワー

かむ

かむときに、毒が牙や歯から出るよ。

その毒（かむ・刺す毒）はどうなるの？

Its venom contains more than 100 different toxins, and about 40 have been identified, making it one of the most studied snake venoms. The venom contains a thrombin-like enzyme called crotalase, which clots fibrinogen, a protein needed for blood clotting. The estimated human lethal dose is 100 to 150 mg.1

人にとってどれくらい危険？

人への危険: とても危険治療を受けないと、人の命をうばうことがある。

It has a reputation as the most dangerous venomous snake in North America. It is not usually aggressive, but it is large and powerful. Reported mortality from untreated bites is 10 to 20% in some studies and 30% in another, and it is a major cause of fatal snakebites within its range.1

こわいとき、どうするの？

When threatened, it raises the front half of its body in an S-shaped coil, rattles loudly, and can strike to at least a third of its body length.1

かまれたら

その人をじっとさせて落ちつかせ、かまれた手足を心臓と同じ高さにして、指輪やきついものをはずし、急いで病院へ。

まず必ず救急番号（112、000、911）に電話しよう。これは一般的な応急手当の案内で、医療のアドバイスではないよ。応急手当の基本

安全に過ごそう

野生の動物には、小さくても、ねているように見えても、死んでいるように見えても、ぜったいにさわったり、つかまえたり、からかったりしないこと。
近づかないで。出会ったら落ちついて、ゆっくりあとずさりして、そのまま行かせてあげよう。
かまれたら：落ちついて、じっとして、救急番号（112、000、911）に電話するか、急いで病院へ行こう。見た目をおぼえておいてね。写真があると役に立つよ。

きみをねらっているわけじゃないよ。毒はエサをとったり身を守ったりするために使うだけで、本当はかくれていたいんだ。安全に過ごすためにもっと知ろう

世界のどこ？

アフリカアジアヨーロッパ北アメリカ南アメリカオーストラリアとオセアニア

どれくらい大きい？

どれくらい長い？

どれくらい重い？

飼いネコ4匹分の重さ

飼いネコ5匹を鼻からしっぽまでならべた長さバナナ13本をたてにならべた長さ100 mを86秒で走れる（いちばん速い人間は9.6秒）

Eastern diamondback rattlesnakeは、きみとくらべてどれくらい大きい？

ブラウザで計算しているだけ。何も保存されないし、どこにも送られないよ。

どれくらい速い？

リクガメ 時速約0.3 km (0.19 mph)

Eastern diamondback rattlesnake 時速約4.2 km (2.6 mph)

歩いている人 時速約5 km (3.1 mph)

知っておく価値あり

データ

It is the largest rattlesnake species. One specimen shot in 1946 measured 2.4 m and weighed 15.4 kg.1

In proportion to its length, it has the longest fangs of any rattlesnake, with fangs of over 25 mm expected in a 2.4 m adult.1

It can strike its prey within a tenth of a second.1

It can swim well and has been seen crossing water sometimes miles from land.1

Although mainly ground-dwelling, it has been spotted up to 10 m above the ground in bushes and trees.1

Males are usually larger than females, which is a rare pattern called reverse sexual size dimorphism.1

うそ・ほんとう

うそ： The eastern diamondback must rattle before it strikes.

ほんとう： It can strike while completely silent. Some individuals stay quiet even when approached closely.1

毒のエキスパート向け

学名: Crotalus adamanteus
グループ: ガラガラヘビ
家族: Viperidae2
ならびかえ: Squamata
大陸: 北アメリカ
赤ちゃん: It gives birth to live young, between 4 and 28 at a time, usually from July to early October. The newborns are 30 to 36 cm long and look like adults, except they have a small button instead of a rattle.1
野生でのようす: Least Concern on the IUCN Red List (2001), but its population trend is down. It is under review for the US Endangered Species List, and it is considered endangered in North Carolina.1
人への危険: 4 / 5: とても危険3