No. 0518 / 1 402

Western diamondback rattlesnake

Crotalus atrox

命をうばうこともある治療しないと命にかかわる。かまれたら、急いで助けを呼ぼう。

かむ食べもの：肉

The western diamondback rattlesnake is a large, venomous pit viper that lives in the southwestern United States and the northern half of Mexico. It is thought to cause most snakebite deaths in northern Mexico and more snakebites in the United States than any other snake. Its diamond-shaped back markings and loud rattle make it easier to recognise, but it should always be given plenty of space.1

すんでいる場所

Southwestern United States and the northern half of Mexico, from central Arkansas to southeastern California1

北アメリカ

ホーム

It lives in places from flat coastal plains to steep rocky canyons, including desert, scrub and pine-oak forest. It is often seen on warm blacktop roads, and in growing towns such as Phoenix and Tucson it is met by homeowners more often.1

長さ

2.1 m (7 ft)1

体重

6.7 kg (15 lb)1

最高速度

時速約3.9 km（時速2.4マイル）

陸で, おおまかな予想

何を食べるの？

Small mammals make up most of its diet, at 94.8% by weight in one Texas study. It also eats birds, lizards, amphibians and fish, and it hunts or ambushes prey at night or in the early morning.1

Western diamondback rattlesnakeの写真 — Western diamondback rattlesnake。写真：Sam Kieschnick。 CC BY 4.0, iNaturalist.

見分け方

Usually khaki in colour, though it may also be pinkish, brick red, yellowish blonde or white.1
A row of 23 to 45 brown or dark umber blotches runs along the back, becoming diamond-shaped towards the middle of the body.1
The tail has two to eight black bands, usually four to six, separated by white or grey.1
A grey or umber stripe runs diagonally from the eye across the side of the head, usually edged below by a white stripe.1

よくまちがえられるのは： The Mojave rattlesnake also has banded tail rings, but its black rings are narrow compared with the pale ones. The timber rattlesnake has no tail rings, and the black-tailed rattlesnake has a uniform black tail or indistinct rings.1

毒パワー

かむ

かむときに、毒が牙や歯から出るよ。

その毒（かむ・刺す毒）はどうなるの？

Its venom is mainly hemotoxic, which means it mainly damages blood vessels, blood cells and the heart. It contains enzymes that break down tissue, along with cytotoxins and myotoxins that destroy cells and muscle. Local effects include pain, heavy internal bleeding, severe swelling, muscle damage, bruising, blistering and tissue death, and general effects may include headache, nausea and vomiting.1

人にとってどれくらい危険？

人への危険: とても危険治療を受けないと、人の命をうばうことがある。

It is thought to be responsible for most snakebite deaths in northern Mexico and for the greatest number of snakebites in the United States. It can deliver a large amount of venom in one bite.1

こわいとき、どうするの？

When threatened it usually coils and rattles to warn off attackers, and it is unusually willing to stand its ground. If rattling does not work, it will strike.1

かまれたら

その人をじっとさせて落ちつかせ、かまれた手足を心臓と同じ高さにして、指輪やきついものをはずし、急いで病院へ。

まず必ず救急番号（112、000、911）に電話しよう。これは一般的な応急手当の案内で、医療のアドバイスではないよ。応急手当の基本

安全に過ごそう

野生の動物には、小さくても、ねているように見えても、死んでいるように見えても、ぜったいにさわったり、つかまえたり、からかったりしないこと。
近づかないで。出会ったら落ちついて、ゆっくりあとずさりして、そのまま行かせてあげよう。
かまれたら：落ちついて、じっとして、救急番号（112、000、911）に電話するか、急いで病院へ行こう。見た目をおぼえておいてね。写真があると役に立つよ。

きみをねらっているわけじゃないよ。毒はエサをとったり身を守ったりするために使うだけで、本当はかくれていたいんだ。安全に過ごすためにもっと知ろう

世界のどこ？

アフリカアジアヨーロッパ北アメリカ南アメリカオーストラリアとオセアニア

どれくらい大きい？

どれくらい長い？

どれくらい重い？

飼いネコ1.5匹分の重さ

飼いネコ4匹を鼻からしっぽまでならべた長さバナナ12本をたてにならべた長さだいたい飼いネコくらいの重さ100 mを92秒で走れる（いちばん速い人間は9.6秒）

Western diamondback rattlesnakeは、きみとくらべてどれくらい大きい？

ブラウザで計算しているだけ。何も保存されないし、どこにも送られないよ。

どれくらい速い？

リクガメ 時速約0.3 km (0.19 mph)

Western diamondback rattlesnake 時速約3.9 km (2.4 mph)

歩いている人 時速約5 km (3.1 mph)

知っておく価値あり

データ

It can go up to two years without food in the wild. In a starvation study, snakes cut their energy use by an average of 80% and still grew, as they put resources into muscle and bone.1

A juvenile was once found dead after trying to swallow a horned lizard, whose horns punctured its gullet.1

It is likely the second largest rattlesnake species, behind only its close relative the eastern diamondback rattlesnake.1

It is one of the few snake species that scavenges for food.1

Among rattlesnakes, it may be the most adaptable to towns and suburbs, and it thrives deep within developed areas.1

It is an important predator of small rodents, rabbits and birds, and it is itself eaten by coyotes, foxes, hawks and owls.1