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Cottonmouth

Agkistrodon piscivorus

名前について： The scientific name translates from Greek and Latin as "hook-toothed fish-eater".1

お医者さんが必要命にかかわることはまれだけど、かまれたらお医者さんへ。

マムシのなかま（ピットバイパー）

かむ食べもの：魚

人への危険: 深刻かまれたらお医者さんへ。死ぬことはとてもまれだよ。

The cottonmouth is a large, venomous pit viper that lives in the southeastern United States. It is one of the few vipers in the world that spends much of its life in water. Its bite is painful and can be fatal, so it is important to recognise it and give it plenty of space.1

すんでいる場所

Southeastern United States, from southeast Virginia south through the Florida peninsula and west to Arkansas and Oklahoma1

北アメリカ

ホーム

It is usually found in or near water, especially slow-moving, shallow lakes, streams, swamps and marshes. It also enters bays and estuaries and swims between barrier islands and the mainland.1

長さ

65 cmから1.9 m (2.1 ftから6.2 ft)1

体重

201 gから580 g (7 ozから1.3 lb)1

最高速度

時速約3.6 km（時速2.2マイル）

陸で, おおまかな予想

何を食べるの？

Its name means fish-eater. Young snakes wiggle the tips of their tails to lure prey animals.1

Cottonmouthの写真 — Cottonmouth。写真：kirk gardner。 CC BY 4.0, iNaturalist.

見分け方

Adults commonly exceed 80 cm in total length, and it is the largest species in its genus.1
Most adults are almost or totally black, with the head and facial markings as the main exceptions.1
Younger snakes have dark crossbands on a lighter tan, brown or reddish-brown ground colour. The tail tip is yellowish in juveniles and black in adults.1
Eastern populations have a broad, dark stripe running back from the eye along the side of the head.1
When threatened it gapes, showing the white lining of its mouth.1

よくまちがえられるのは： The copperhead is often confused with the cottonmouth, especially when young. The cottonmouth has a broad dark stripe on the side of the head, while the copperhead has only a thin dark line. Watersnakes of the genus Nerodia look similar, with thick bodies and large heads, but they have round pupils and no loreal pit.1

毒パワー

かむ

かむときに、毒が牙や歯から出るよ。

その毒（かむ・刺す毒）はどうなるの？

The venom is rich in cytotoxic components that destroy tissue, and it is more toxic than the copperhead's venom. It does not contain the neurotoxic components found in many rattlesnakes, so it does not usually cause whole-body reactions. Symptoms commonly include bruising and swelling, and necrosis, or death of tissue, can occur.1

人にとってどれくらい危険？

人への危険: 深刻かまれたらお医者さんへ。死ぬことはとてもまれだよ。

Deaths are rare, but bites are relatively frequent in the lower Mississippi River Valley and along the Gulf of Mexico coast. A bite can leave scars and, on occasion, may require amputation. The pain is generally more severe than a copperhead bite but less than a rattlesnake bite. Stressed snakes, and larger snakes, are more likely to strike.1

いい知らせ：お医者さんには、これに効く薬（抗毒素）か治療法があるよ。1

こわいとき、どうするの？

When threatened it may coil its body, display its fangs and gape to show the white lining of its mouth. It often stands its ground rather than fleeing.1

かまれたら

Bites can be effectively treated with CroFab antivenom.1
その人をじっとさせて落ちつかせ、かまれた手足を心臓と同じ高さにして、指輪やきついものをはずし、急いで病院へ。

まず必ず救急番号（112、000、911）に電話しよう。これは一般的な応急手当の案内で、医療のアドバイスではないよ。応急手当の基本

安全に過ごそう

野生の動物には、小さくても、ねているように見えても、死んでいるように見えても、ぜったいにさわったり、つかまえたり、からかったりしないこと。
近づかないで。出会ったら落ちついて、ゆっくりあとずさりして、そのまま行かせてあげよう。
かまれたら：落ちついて、じっとして、救急番号（112、000、911）に電話するか、急いで病院へ行こう。見た目をおぼえておいてね。写真があると役に立つよ。

きみをねらっているわけじゃないよ。毒はエサをとったり身を守ったりするために使うだけで、本当はかくれていたいんだ。安全に過ごすためにもっと知ろう

世界のどこ？

アフリカアジアヨーロッパ北アメリカ南アメリカオーストラリアとオセアニア

どれくらい大きい？

どれくらい長い？

どれくらい重い？

バナナ5本分の重さ

飼いネコ4匹を鼻からしっぽまでならべた長さバナナ11本をたてにならべた長さ100 mを100秒で走れる（いちばん速い人間は9.6秒）

Cottonmouthは、きみとくらべてどれくらい大きい？

ブラウザで計算しているだけ。何も保存されないし、どこにも送られないよ。

どれくらい速い？

リクガメ 時速約0.3 km (0.19 mph)

Cottonmouth 時速約3.6 km (2.2 mph)

歩いている人 時速約5 km (3.1 mph)

知っておく価値あり

データ

Young snakes wiggle the tips of their tails to attract prey.1

It swims with its body near the surface and appears to float on top of the water.1

The average venom yield is about 125 mg dried, and the human lethal dose is unknown but has been estimated at 100 to 150 mg.1

It is one of the world's few semiaquatic vipers, and it is the most aquatic species in its genus.1

One researcher reported encountering these snakes on countless occasions, often almost stepping on them, without ever being bitten.1

うそ・ほんとう

うそ： Any snake called a water moccasin is venomous.

ほんとう： The name water moccasin refers to the venomous cottonmouth. Many scientists dislike the name because it causes confusion with nonvenomous water snakes, which look similar.1