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Mamushi

Gloydius blomhoffii

Na ntina ya kombo: The specific name blomhoffii honours Jan Cock Blomhoff, who was director of the Dutch trading colony in Nagasaki, Japan, from 1817 to 1824.1

Ekoki kobomaEkoki koboma yo soki bosalisi ezali te. Soki esui yo, luka lisalisi noki.

Ba vipère à fossettes

KosuaElyaka: Mosuni

Likama mpo na bato: Likama mingiEkoki koboma moto oyo azwi bosalisi te.

The mamushi is a pit viper, a type of snake that has heat-sensing pits between its eyes and nostrils. It lives in Japan, in places such as swamps, meadows and farmland. It matters because its bite is one of the most dangerous of Japan's snakes.1

Ezalaka na

Japan only. There is no evidence it occurs in the Ryukyu Islands.1

Azia

Ebandeli

It lives in swamps, marshes, meadows, open woodland, rocky hillsides and montane rock outcroppings. It is often found in and around farmland because rodents are common there.1

Molai

45 cm kino 81 cm (1,5 ft kino 2,7 ft)1

Mbangu ya likolo

pene na 3,3 km/h (2,1 mph)

Na mabele, kokanisa ya pene

Elyaka nini?

It is an ambush predator. It waits hidden in vegetation or leaf litter, then eats mainly rodents, along with small birds, lizards and insects.1

Foto ya Mamushi — Mamushi. Foto: Alpsdake. CC BY-SA 4.0, iNaturalist.

Ndenge ya koyeba yango

Background colour is pale grey, reddish-brown or yellow-brown.1
A series of irregular blotches runs along the body. Each blotch has a black border and often a lighter centre.1
The head is dark brown or black, with beige or pale-grey sides.1
Adults are typically 45 to 81 cm long.1
It has excellent camouflage and often hides among plants or leaf litter.1

Bakosanaka yango mbala mingi na: It is similar to the cottonmouths and copperheads (Agkistrodon) of the Americas, and it was long considered part of the same group.1

Makasi ya venin

Kosua

Venin ebimaka na nzela ya mino na yango ntango esui.

Venin na yango esalaka nini?

Its venom is mostly haemolytic, meaning it breaks down red blood cells. It also contains two neurotoxins, which attack the nerves, and an anticoagulant, which stops blood from clotting. Reported effects include kidney failure, visual disturbances and palsy (paralysis).1

Likama na yango mpo na bato ezali boni?

Likama mpo na bato: Likama mingiEkoki koboma moto oyo azwi bosalisi te.

About 2000 to 3000 people in Japan are bitten by a mamushi each year. Approximately 10 die annually. Severe bites require intensive care, and typical bite victims need about one week of hospital treatment.1

Nsango malamu: ba monganga bazali na nkisi (antivenin) to bosalisi mpo na yango.1

Soki esui

Treatment is given in hospital. It involves cutting the wound to remove venom and injecting mamushi antivenom. Pregnant women who are bitten have had miscarriages, so medical care is essential.1
Tika moto aningana te mpe azala kimia, tika lokolo to loboko oyo esui na niveau ya motema, longola ba bague mpe biloko oyo ekangi makasi, mpe kende na lopitalo noki.

Benga ntango nyonso nimero ya urgence liboso (112, 000, 911). Oyo ezali toli ya lisalisi ya liboso, ezali toli ya monganga te. Makambo ya moboko ya lisalisi ya liboso

Zala na libateli

Ata mokolo moko te, simba, kanga to silikisa nyama ya zamba te, ata ya moke, mpe ata soki emonani lokola elali to ekufi.
Tika yango esika. Soki okutani na moko, zala kimia, zonga sima malembe mpe tika ekende nzela na yango.
Soki moko esui yo: zala kimia, ningana te, benga nimero ya urgence na yo (112, 000, 911) to kende na lopitalo noki. Kanisa ndenge ezalaki, foto esalisaka.

Ezali koluka yo te. Esalelaka venin na yango mpo na kokanga bilei to komibatela, mpe elingaka mingi kobombama. Makambo mosusu mpo na komibatela

Wapi na mokili?

Afrika Azia Erópa Amerika ya Nord Amerika ya Sude Australia & Océanie

Monene na yango boni?

Molai na yango boni?

molai lokola ba pusu ya ndako 1,5, zolo kino mokilamolai lokola bitabe 5 oyo etiami moko na sima ya mosusuekoki kopota metre 100 na sekonde 110 (moto ya mbangu koleka asengaka 9,6)

Mamushi azali monene boni soki tokokanisi na YO?

Kaka ba calcul na navigateur na yo. Eloko moko te ebombamaka to etindamaka esika moko.

Mbangu na yango boni?

Koba pene na 0,3 km/h (0,19 mph)

Mamushi pene na 3,3 km/h (2,1 mph)

Moto oyo azali kotambola pene na 5 km/h (3,1 mph)

malamu koyeba

Makambo ya solo

Recovery takes a long time. Bite victims may need several months to fully recover, even after hospital treatment and weeks of follow-up care.1

It is highly resistant to its own venom because its blood contains neutralising factors, including phospholipase A2 (PLA2) inhibitors.1

Its beta-toxin acts before the nerve junction, so anticholinesterase drugs cannot block or treat its effects.1

Its venom contains a peptide called ablomin, which is very similar in amino acid sequence to helothermine, a venom peptide of the Mexican beaded lizard.1

It is considered one of the most venomous snakes in Japan, along with the yamakagashi and the Okinawan habu.1

Its venom varies very little across Japan in either potency or effects.1

Mpo na ba expert ya venin

Kombo ya siansi: Gloydius blomhoffii
Ebota: Ba vipère à fossettes
Libota: Viperidae2
Molongo: Squamata
Bakontina: Azia
Likama mpo na bato: 4 / 5: Likama mingi3

Esika makambo euti

Mamushi (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
Gloydius blomhoffii (iNaturalist): bankombo mpe classification.
Venom Wiki: niveau ya likama, monene ya momesano mpe kokanisa ya mbangu ezali ya biso moko. Tala ndenge tolukaka yango: Ndenge tomekaka likama.

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