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Alpine salamander

Salamandra atra

Tentang nama: The species name atra comes from the Latin ater, meaning dull black.1

Tidak berbahayaTidak berbahaya kepada manusia. Tiada apa yang perlu dirisaukan.

Katak beracun, katak puru & newt

Racun di kulitnyaMakan: DagingBeracun, bukan berbisa

Bahaya kepada manusia: RinganSeperti sengatan lebah atau kurang. Boleh dikatakan tidak berbahaya kepada manusia.

The alpine salamander is a dark, slow-moving amphibian that lives high in the mountains of Europe. It spends its whole life on land, sheltering under stones, logs and in rock crevices. It produces toxic compounds from its skin, which help protect it from predators.1

Beracun atau berbisa? Haiwan berbisa menyuntik bisa melalui gigitan atau sengatan. Haiwan beracun berbahaya untuk disentuh atau dimakan. Yang ini beracun.

Hidup di

Alps and mountains of Europe: France, Switzerland, Austria, Italy, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina1

Eropah

Laman utama

Alpine salamanders live on land in forests and mountain meadows, usually above 700 metres. They shelter under stones or logs, or in rocky crevices, and they favour forests of silver fir, beech and spruce.1

Panjang

14 cm hingga 15 cm (5.7 in hingga 5.9 in)1

Kelajuan maksimum

kira-kira 0.5 km/j (0.31 mph)

Di darat, anggaran kasar

Apa yang ia makan?

Alpine salamanders eat small invertebrates such as beetles, snails, millipedes and spiders. Beetles and snails make up the most important part of their diet, and they tend to choose larger prey.1

Gambar Alpine salamander — Alpine salamander. Gambar: Aah-Yeah. CC BY 4.0, iNaturalist.

Cara mengenalinya

Usually small and dark brown or black1
Some forms have yellow, golden or white spots or marks on the back and head1
Males have swollen, visible cloacae and are slimmer than females1
Elongated head shape, with glands behind and beside the eyes1
Between 11 and 13 grooves along each side of the body, and a double row of glands down the back1

Sering dikelirukan dengan: Lanza's alpine salamander (Salamandra lanzai) is a similar species that lives in one small area of the western Alps. The Corsican fire salamander (Salamandra corsica) is the alpine salamander's closest related species.1

Kuasa racun

Racun di kulitnya

Kulitnya beracun. Ia berbahaya untuk disentuh, dijilat atau dimakan.

Apa kesan racunnya?

Alpine salamanders produce toxic compounds from their skin. These compounds may protect them from predators and from microbes.1

Berapa bahaya ia kepada manusia?

Bahaya kepada manusia: RinganSeperti sengatan lebah atau kurang. Boleh dikatakan tidak berbahaya kepada manusia.

Apa yang ia buat apabila takut?

Their yellow markings are thought to be a warning colour that deters predators, and the pure black colouring may also warn some predators off.1

Jika seseorang menyentuh atau memakannya

Jika seseorang menyentuhnya: basuh tangan dengan bersih dan jangan sentuh mata atau mulut. Jika kanak-kanak atau haiwan peliharaan menjilat atau memakannya: hubungi pusat racun atau nombor kecemasan.

Sentiasa hubungi nombor kecemasan dahulu (112, 000, 911). Ini panduan pertolongan cemas umum, bukan nasihat perubatan. Asas pertolongan cemas

Kekal selamat

Jangan sesekali sentuh, tangkap atau usik haiwan liar, walaupun yang kecil, dan walaupun ia nampak tidur atau mati.
Beri ia ruang. Jika kamu terjumpa, bertenang, undur perlahan-lahan dan biarkan ia pergi.
Jika kamu menyentuh atau memakannya: jangan gosok mata atau mulut, basuh tangan dan dapatkan bantuan perubatan.

Ia bukan mahu memburu kamu. Racunnya ada hanya supaya tiada apa yang memakannya. Lagi tentang keselamatan

Di mana di dunia?

Afrika Asia Eropah Amerika Utara Amerika Selatan Australia & Oceania

Berapa besar ia?

Berapa panjang ia?

sepanjang 5 blok binaan mainan disusun sebaris

Berapa besar Alpine salamander berbanding KAMU?

Hanya matematik dalam pelayar kamu. Tiada apa yang disimpan atau dihantar ke mana-mana.

Berapa laju ia?

Kura-kura darat kira-kira 0.3 km/j (0.19 mph)

Alpine salamander kira-kira 0.5 km/j (0.31 mph)

Orang berjalan kira-kira 5 km/j (3.1 mph)

berguna untuk diketahui

Fakta

Alpine salamanders are fully terrestrial, so they never need water to breed. Unlike many salamanders, their young do not develop as larvae in water.1

Young snakes, especially juvenile European adders, are a notable predator. In some locations, alpine salamanders make up just under half of these snakes' diet.1

They mark their territory with faecal pellets. Their scent tells other salamanders whether a pellet was left by a member of the same sex and species, and warns them that the site is already claimed.1

They are very stationary animals. The furthest a tracked individual was seen to travel in one summer was 12 metres.1

Their colour varies a great deal. Some populations are completely black, while others have bright yellow, white or grey spotting.1

Alpine salamanders cannot regulate their own body temperature, so losing a shelter can be extremely costly, and even fatal.1

Untuk pakar bisa

Nama saintifik: Salamandra atra
Kumpulan: Katak beracun, katak puru & newt
Keluarga: Salamandridae2
Susunan: Caudata
Benua-benua: Eropah
Anak: They give birth to live young. Their larvae do not develop in water, because the whole life cycle takes place on land.1
Jangka hayat: kira-kira 10 tahun1
Keadaannya di alam liar: Least Concern (IUCN Red List), although their numbers are decreasing and the subspecies S. a. aurorae is declining more quickly1
Bahaya kepada manusia: 1 / 5: Ringan3

Dari mana fakta datang

Alpine salamander (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
Salamandra atra (iNaturalist): nama dan pengelasan.
Venom Wiki: tahap bahaya, saiz biasa dan anggaran kelajuan adalah penilaian kami sendiri. Lihat cara kami mengiranya: Cara kami menilai bahaya.

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