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Common European adder

Vipera berus

Tentang nama: The word 'adder' comes from the Old English word nædre, which meant snake.1

Perlu jumpa doktorJarang membawa maut, tetapi gigitannya perlu dirawat doktor.

Ular kapak & adder

GigitanMakan: Daging

Bahaya kepada manusia: SeriusGigitannya perlu dirawat doktor. Kematian sangat jarang berlaku.

The common European adder is a venomous snake that lives across much of Europe and as far east as East Asia. In several European countries it is the only native venomous snake. It is not aggressive and usually bites only when it is cornered, stepped on or picked up.1

Hidup di

Europe, across Russia to the Pacific Ocean, plus Sakhalin, North Korea, northern Mongolia and northern China1

Eropah, Asia

Laman utama

It lives in many kinds of land, including chalky downs, moors, heaths, meadows, woodland edges, hedgerows, coastal dunes, stone quarries and rubbish tips. It also enters wetlands if there is dry ground nearby, so it may be found on the banks of streams, lakes and ponds.1

Panjang

60 cm hingga 90 cm (2 ft hingga 3 ft)1

Berat

50 g hingga 180 g (1.8 oz hingga 6 oz)1

Kelajuan maksimum

kira-kira 3.4 km/j (2.1 mph)

Di darat, anggaran kasar

Apa yang ia makan?

It mainly eats small mammals such as mice, rats, voles and shrews, along with lizards and amphibians such as frogs, newts and salamanders. It also takes birds, especially nestlings and eggs, climbing into shrubs and bushes to reach them. Young adders eat worms and spiders as well.1

Gambar Common European adder — Common European adder. Gambar: Charles J. Sharp. CC BY-SA 4.0, Wikimedia Commons.

Cara mengenalinya

Relatively thick body. Adults are usually about 60 cm long, including the tail.1
Most have a dark zigzag pattern running along the back and tail.1
A dark V or X marking is usually present on top of the head.1
A dark streak runs from the eye to the neck, then continues as spots along the sides.1
Females are usually brown with dark brown markings. Males are a uniform grey with black markings.1

Kuasa bisa

Gigitan

Bisa keluar melalui taring atau giginya apabila ia menggigit.

Apa kesan bisanya?

Bites can be very painful, but they are rarely fatal.1

Berapa bahaya ia kepada manusia?

Bahaya kepada manusia: SeriusGigitannya perlu dirawat doktor. Kematian sangat jarang berlaku.

The adder is not regarded as especially dangerous. It is not aggressive and usually bites only when really provoked, stepped on or picked up. Bites are rarely fatal.1

Apa yang ia buat apabila takut?

When it feels threatened, it usually slips away into the undergrowth. Some snakes, often pregnant females, hiss loudly to warn off danger, and the front of the body is drawn into an S-shape before a strike.1

Jika ia menggigit

Pastikan orang itu tidak bergerak dan tenang, letakkan anggota yang digigit pada paras jantung, tanggalkan cincin dan barang yang ketat, dan pergi ke hospital dengan segera.

Sentiasa hubungi nombor kecemasan dahulu (112, 000, 911). Ini panduan pertolongan cemas umum, bukan nasihat perubatan. Asas pertolongan cemas

Kekal selamat

Jangan sesekali sentuh, tangkap atau usik haiwan liar, walaupun yang kecil, dan walaupun ia nampak tidur atau mati.
Beri ia ruang. Jika kamu terjumpa, bertenang, undur perlahan-lahan dan biarkan ia pergi.
Jika ia menggigit kamu: bertenang, jangan bergerak, hubungi nombor kecemasan (112, 000, 911) atau pergi ke hospital dengan segera. Ingat rupanya, gambar boleh membantu.

Ia bukan mahu memburu kamu. Ia guna bisanya untuk menangkap makanan atau melindungi diri, dan ia lebih suka bersembunyi. Lagi tentang keselamatan

Di mana di dunia?

Afrika Asia Eropah Amerika Utara Amerika Selatan Australia & Oceania

Berapa besar ia?

Berapa panjang ia?

Berapa berat ia?

seberat 1.5 biji pisang

sepanjang 2 ekor kucing rumah dari hidung ke ekorsepanjang 5 biji pisang disusun hujung ke hujungboleh melepasi 100 meter dalam 110 saat (manusia paling laju perlukan 9.6)

Berapa besar Common European adder berbanding KAMU?

Hanya matematik dalam pelayar kamu. Tiada apa yang disimpan atau dihantar ke mana-mana.

Berapa laju ia?

Kura-kura darat kira-kira 0.3 km/j (0.19 mph)

Common European adder kira-kira 3.4 km/j (2.1 mph)

Orang berjalan kira-kira 5 km/j (3.1 mph)

berguna untuk diketahui

Fakta

It hibernates in winter. In northern Sweden, hibernation lasts 8 to 9 months, and it may come out to bask on mild days, sometimes crossing snow to do so.1

Around 15% of adults and 30 to 40% of juveniles die during hibernation.1

Males and females can often be told apart by colour, which is unusual for snakes.1

In several European countries it is the only native venomous snake.1

It is found farther north than any other snake species.1

Pemecah mitos

Mitos: Adders are aggressive snakes that attack people.

Hakikat: Adders are timid. They usually disappear at the slightest hint of danger and bite only when cornered, alarmed, stepped on or picked up.1

Untuk pakar bisa

Nama saintifik: Vipera berus
Kumpulan: Ular kapak & adder
Keluarga: Viperidae2
Susunan: Squamata
Benua-benua: Eropah, Asia
Anak: It gives birth to live young rather than laying eggs. Females breed once every two or three years, and litters range from three to 20 young.1
Keadaannya di alam liar: Least concern (IUCN Red List), although its population is decreasing. It is protected in many countries, and it is listed as endangered in Switzerland.1
Bahaya kepada manusia: 3 / 5: Serius3

Dari mana fakta datang

Adder (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
Vipera berus (iNaturalist): nama dan pengelasan.
Venom Wiki: tahap bahaya, saiz biasa dan anggaran kelajuan adalah penilaian kami sendiri. Lihat cara kami mengiranya: Cara kami menilai bahaya.

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