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South American rattlesnake

Crotalus durissus

Boleh membunuhBoleh membunuh kamu tanpa rawatan. Jika ia menggigit kamu, dapatkan bantuan dengan cepat.

Ular orok-orok

GigitanMakan: Daging

Bahaya kepada manusia: Sangat berbahayaIa boleh membunuh orang yang tidak mendapat rawatan.

The South American rattlesnake is a large, highly venomous pit viper. It lives across much of South America, except the Andes Mountains, and also on some Caribbean islands. It is the most widely spread member of its genus, which is why it matters to people in so many places.1

Hidup di

South America except the Andes, including Colombia, Venezuela, Brazil, Argentina and Paraguay; also some Caribbean islands, including Aruba1

Amerika Selatan

Laman utama

It prefers savanna and semi-arid areas, and is found in several types of scrub and seasonal forest. In the Chaco region of Paraguay, it lives in the drier, sandier areas.1

Panjang

1.9 m (6.2 ft)1

Kelajuan maksimum

kira-kira 4 km/j (2.5 mph)

Di darat, anggaran kasar

Apa yang ia makan?

It eats mainly rodents, which are abundant and available all year in most of its range. In some regions it also eats lizards of the Teiidae family.1

Gambar South American rattlesnake — South American rattlesnake. Gambar: Leandro Avelar. CC BY-SA 4.0, Wikimedia Commons.

Cara mengenalinya

Two distinct stripes start at the base of the head, and the colour between the lines is lighter than the stripes.1
Body colour and pattern vary, but most have 18 to 32 dark diamond or rhombic spots along the back.1
The head has a dark brown bar at the top and a dark band behind the eye.1
The tail is usually grey, with dark, faint crossed bands.1
The belly is white or yellowish with light grey spots, getting darker towards the tail.1

Kuasa bisa

Gigitan

Bisa keluar melalui taring atau giginya apabila ia menggigit.

Apa kesan bisanya?

Its venom contains neurotoxins, which attack the nerves, and myotoxins, which damage muscle. These cause progressive paralysis, including impaired or lost vision, hearing problems, drooping eyelids and weakness in the neck muscles, which can become so limp that the head appears broken. Breathing can eventually be stopped by paralysis, and the muscle damage can cause dark urine.1

Berapa bahaya ia kepada manusia?

Bahaya kepada manusia: Sangat berbahayaIa boleh membunuh orang yang tidak mendapat rawatan.

It is a highly venomous snake. The mortality rate is 72% for bite cases without specific serum treatment, and 11% for cases with it. Acute kidney failure is considered the main cause of death.1

Berita baik: doktor ada ubat (antibisa) atau rawatan untuk ini.1

Apa yang ia buat apabila takut?

It is highly alert and gives little warning before it strikes, but it is seldom aggressive towards people.1

Jika ia menggigit

Specific serum treatment (antivenom) greatly lowers the death rate, so a bite needs urgent hospital care to give it.1
Pastikan orang itu tidak bergerak dan tenang, letakkan anggota yang digigit pada paras jantung, tanggalkan cincin dan barang yang ketat, dan pergi ke hospital dengan segera.

Sentiasa hubungi nombor kecemasan dahulu (112, 000, 911). Ini panduan pertolongan cemas umum, bukan nasihat perubatan. Asas pertolongan cemas

Kekal selamat

Jangan sesekali sentuh, tangkap atau usik haiwan liar, walaupun yang kecil, dan walaupun ia nampak tidur atau mati.
Beri ia ruang. Jika kamu terjumpa, bertenang, undur perlahan-lahan dan biarkan ia pergi.
Jika ia menggigit kamu: bertenang, jangan bergerak, hubungi nombor kecemasan (112, 000, 911) atau pergi ke hospital dengan segera. Ingat rupanya, gambar boleh membantu.

Ia bukan mahu memburu kamu. Ia guna bisanya untuk menangkap makanan atau melindungi diri, dan ia lebih suka bersembunyi. Lagi tentang keselamatan

Di mana di dunia?

Afrika Asia Eropah Amerika Utara Amerika Selatan Australia & Oceania

Berapa besar ia?

Berapa panjang ia?

sepanjang 4 ekor kucing rumah dari hidung ke ekorsepanjang 11 biji pisang disusun hujung ke hujungboleh melepasi 100 meter dalam 90 saat (manusia paling laju perlukan 9.6)

Berapa besar South American rattlesnake berbanding KAMU?

Hanya matematik dalam pelayar kamu. Tiada apa yang disimpan atau dihantar ke mana-mana.

Berapa laju ia?

Kura-kura darat kira-kira 0.3 km/j (0.19 mph)

South American rattlesnake kira-kira 4 km/j (2.5 mph)

Orang berjalan kira-kira 5 km/j (3.1 mph)

berguna untuk diketahui

Fakta

The lethal dose for a 60 kg human is possibly 18 mg, while a snake's venom yield is 20 to 100 mg.1

Crotoxin, a neurotoxin, makes up about 48.5% to 89.4% of the venom proteins in one subspecies, though it is typically 60% to 70%.1

It is the most widely distributed member of its genus, and seven subspecies are currently recognised.1

It is more active at dusk and in the early hours of the morning.1

Males compete for access to females from the end of summer, with mating in autumn and the young born the following spring or summer.1

Pemecah mitos

Mitos: Yellow venom means the bite damages blood and tissue, and white venom means it attacks the nerves.

Hakikat: Venom colour does not determine the type. Colour depends on pigments in the venom, not on whether it is haemorrhagic or neurotoxic.1

Untuk pakar bisa

Nama saintifik: Crotalus durissus
Kumpulan: Ular orok-orok
Keluarga: Viperidae2
Susunan: Squamata
Benua-benua: Amerika Selatan
Anak: It gives birth to live young (ovoviviparous), usually four to eight at a time. In Roraima, Brazil, gestation has been reported to last five months, with up to 14 young.1
Bahaya kepada manusia: 4 / 5: Sangat berbahaya3

Dari mana fakta datang

Crotalus durissus (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
Crotalus durissus (iNaturalist): nama dan pengelasan.
Venom Wiki: tahap bahaya, saiz biasa dan anggaran kelajuan adalah penilaian kami sendiri. Lihat cara kami mengiranya: Cara kami menilai bahaya.

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