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Urutu

Bothrops alternatus

Tentang nama: The scientific name alternatus is Latin for "alternating", apparently because of the staggered markings along its body. The common name urutu refers to the crescent markings on its body.1

Boleh membunuhBoleh membunuh kamu tanpa rawatan. Jika ia menggigit kamu, dapatkan bantuan dengan cepat.

Ular kapak

Gigitan

Bahaya kepada manusia: Sangat berbahayaIa boleh membunuh orang yang tidak mendapat rawatan.

The urutu is a large, stout pit viper from South America. It is highly venomous and is an important cause of snakebites in the areas where it lives. Its body has a striking pattern of dark crescent-shaped markings.1

Hidup di

Southeastern Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay and northern Argentina1

Amerika Selatan

Laman utama

It lives in tropical and semitropical forests, temperate deciduous forests, marshes, swamps, riverbanks, grasslands and cerrado. It is also common in sugarcane plantations, and it is usually absent from dry environments.1

Panjang

80 cm hingga 1.7 m (2.6 ft hingga 5.5 ft)1

Kelajuan maksimum

kira-kira 3.8 km/j (2.4 mph)

Di darat, anggaran kasar

Gambar Urutu — Urutu. Gambar: K. Zyskowski & Y. Bereshpolova. CC BY 4.0, iNaturalist.

Cara mengenalinya

Large and stout, most adults are 80 to 120 cm long.1
The top of the head is usually chocolate brown to almost black, with tan to white markings.1
The body has 22 to 28 dark brown to black markings, each bordered in cream or white. Some look like a cross, and some look like a headphone shape.1
The pattern on the tail forms a zigzag.1
A dark brown to black stripe runs along the underside from the neck to the tail tip.1

Kuasa bisa

Gigitan

Bisa keluar melalui taring atau giginya apabila ia menggigit.

Apa kesan bisanya?

The urutu is highly venomous. Its venom mainly contains phospholipase A2, snake venom metalloproteinases, snake venom serine proteases and C-type lectins. In one study of 32 patients, all had local pain and swelling, 97% had prolonged blood clotting, 41% had bleeding (usually from the gums), 32% had blistering and 9% had necrosis (death of tissue).1

Berapa bahaya ia kepada manusia?

Bahaya kepada manusia: Sangat berbahayaIa boleh membunuh orang yang tidak mendapat rawatan.

Bites are an important cause of snakebite in its range and often cause severe local tissue damage, but they are rarely fatal. In a survey of 6,601 snakebite cases in Central and South America, 384 were attributed to this species, and 8 of those (2%) were fatal. Some bites have caused gangrene that required amputation, and in 2004 a 44-year-old woman died of a brain bleed after being bitten at home.1

Berita baik: doktor ada ubat (antibisa) atau rawatan untuk ini.1

Jika ia menggigit

In one Brazilian hospital study, all 32 bitten patients were treated with specific antivenin (antivenom), and none of them died.1
Pastikan orang itu tidak bergerak dan tenang, letakkan anggota yang digigit pada paras jantung, tanggalkan cincin dan barang yang ketat, dan pergi ke hospital dengan segera.

Sentiasa hubungi nombor kecemasan dahulu (112, 000, 911). Ini panduan pertolongan cemas umum, bukan nasihat perubatan. Asas pertolongan cemas

Kekal selamat

Jangan sesekali sentuh, tangkap atau usik haiwan liar, walaupun yang kecil, dan walaupun ia nampak tidur atau mati.
Beri ia ruang. Jika kamu terjumpa, bertenang, undur perlahan-lahan dan biarkan ia pergi.
Jika ia menggigit kamu: bertenang, jangan bergerak, hubungi nombor kecemasan (112, 000, 911) atau pergi ke hospital dengan segera. Ingat rupanya, gambar boleh membantu.

Ia bukan mahu memburu kamu. Ia guna bisanya untuk menangkap makanan atau melindungi diri, dan ia lebih suka bersembunyi. Lagi tentang keselamatan

Di mana di dunia?

Afrika Asia Eropah Amerika Utara Amerika Selatan Australia & Oceania

Berapa besar ia?

Berapa panjang ia?

sepanjang 3 ekor kucing rumah dari hidung ke ekorsepanjang 9 biji pisang disusun hujung ke hujungboleh melepasi 100 meter dalam 95 saat (manusia paling laju perlukan 9.6)

Berapa besar Urutu berbanding KAMU?

Hanya matematik dalam pelayar kamu. Tiada apa yang disimpan atau dihantar ke mana-mana.

Berapa laju ia?

Kura-kura darat kira-kira 0.3 km/j (0.19 mph)

Urutu kira-kira 3.8 km/j (2.4 mph)

Orang berjalan kira-kira 5 km/j (3.1 mph)

berguna untuk diketahui

Fakta

Genome sequencing found 59 toxin genes from 16 toxin families.1

Its verified maximum length is 169 cm, although reports of over 2 m exist.1

Some unusual individuals have dark stripes running the full length of the body.1

In some specimens the pattern is so concentrated that the markings and the gaps between them are the same colour.1

Females are significantly longer and heavier than males.1

Pemecah mitos

Mitos: The bite of this snake is almost always deadly.

Hakikat: Bites are rarely fatal, although they often cause severe local tissue damage. In one survey, only 2% of cases attributed to this species were fatal.1

Untuk pakar bisa

Nama saintifik: Bothrops alternatus
Kumpulan: Ular kapak
Keluarga: Viperidae2
Susunan: Squamata
Benua-benua: Amerika Selatan
Anak: It gives birth to live young, with captive females producing 3 to 12 young and some females producing up to 24. The newborns look like adults but are more brightly coloured, and they can strike venomously from birth.1
Bahaya kepada manusia: 4 / 5: Sangat berbahaya3

Dari mana fakta datang

Bothrops alternatus (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
Bothrops alternatus (iNaturalist): nama dan pengelasan.
Venom Wiki: tahap bahaya, saiz biasa dan anggaran kelajuan adalah penilaian kami sendiri. Lihat cara kami mengiranya: Cara kami menilai bahaya.

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