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Igishushanyo cya South American rattlesnake
No. 0524 kuri 1 402

South American rattlesnake

Crotalus durissus
Ishobora kwicaIshobora kukwica niba utavuwe. Niba ikurumye, shaka ubufasha vuba.
Rattlesnake IrarumaIrya: Inyama
Akaga ku bantu: Iteje akaga cyaneIshobora kwica umuntu utavuwe.

The South American rattlesnake is a large, highly venomous pit viper. It lives across much of South America, except the Andes Mountains, and also on some Caribbean islands. It is the most widely spread member of its genus, which is why it matters to people in so many places.1

Iba muri
South America except the Andes, including Colombia, Venezuela, Brazil, Argentina and Paraguay; also some Caribbean islands, including Aruba1
Amerika y'Amajyepfo
Ahabanza
It prefers savanna and semi-arid areas, and is found in several types of scrub and seasonal forest. In the Chaco region of Paraguay, it lives in the drier, sandier areas.1
Uburebure
1,9 m (6,2 ft)1
Umuvuduko wo hejuru
hafi 4 km/h (2,5 mph)
Ku butaka, ikigereranyo cy'ugereranyije
Irya iki?
It eats mainly rodents, which are abundant and available all year in most of its range. In some regions it also eats lizards of the Teiidae family.1
Koko!Ifoto ya South American rattlesnake
South American rattlesnake. Ifoto: Leandro Avelar. CC BY-SA 4.0, Wikimedia Commons.

Uko wayimenya

  • Two distinct stripes start at the base of the head, and the colour between the lines is lighter than the stripes.1
  • Body colour and pattern vary, but most have 18 to 32 dark diamond or rhombic spots along the back.1
  • The head has a dark brown bar at the top and a dark band behind the eye.1
  • The tail is usually grey, with dark, faint crossed bands.1
  • The belly is white or yellowish with light grey spots, getting darker towards the tail.1

Imbaraga z'ubumara

Iraruma

Ubumara busohokera mu menyo yayo y'ubumara cyangwa mu yandi menyo iyo iriye.

Ubumara bwayo bukora iki?

Its venom contains neurotoxins, which attack the nerves, and myotoxins, which damage muscle. These cause progressive paralysis, including impaired or lost vision, hearing problems, drooping eyelids and weakness in the neck muscles, which can become so limp that the head appears broken. Breathing can eventually be stopped by paralysis, and the muscle damage can cause dark urine.1

Iteje akaga kangana iki ku bantu?

Akaga ku bantu: Iteje akaga cyaneIshobora kwica umuntu utavuwe.

It is a highly venomous snake. The mortality rate is 72% for bite cases without specific serum treatment, and 11% for cases with it. Acute kidney failure is considered the main cause of death.1

Inkuru nziza: abaganga bafite umuti (umuti urwanya ubumara, antivenom) cyangwa uburyo bwo kuvura ibi.1

Ikora iki iyo ifite ubwoba?

It is highly alert and gives little warning before it strikes, but it is seldom aggressive towards people.1

Niba iruma

  • Specific serum treatment (antivenom) greatly lowers the death rate, so a bite needs urgent hospital care to give it.1
  • Umuntu agume atanyeganyega kandi atuje, urugingo rwarumwe rugume ku rwego rumwe n'umutima, mukuremo impeta n'ibindi bintu bifashe cyane, kandi mujye ku bitaro vuba.

Buri gihe banza uhamagare nimero y'ubutabazi (112, 000, 911). Izi ni inama rusange z'ubutabazi bw'ibanze, si inama za muganga. Ibanze by'ubutabazi bw'ibanze

Irinde akaga

  • Ntuzigere ukora, ufata cyangwa ushotora inyamaswa yo mu gasozi, nubwo yaba ntoya, kandi nubwo yasa n'isinziriye cyangwa yapfuye.
  • Yihe umwanya. Niba uhuye n'imwe, tuza, usubire inyuma buhoro buhoro kandi uyireke yigendere.
  • Niba imwe ikurumye: tuza, ntunyeganyege, hamagara nimero y'ubutabazi (112, 000, 911) cyangwa ujye ku bitaro vuba. Ibuka uko yasaga, ifoto irafasha.

Ntigushakisha ngo ikugirire nabi. Ikoresha ubumara bwayo kugira ngo ifate ibyo kurya cyangwa yirinde, kandi ikunda cyane kwihisha. Ibindi ku kwirinda

Ni hehe ku isi?

AfurikaAziyaUburayiAmerika y'AmajyaruguruAmerika y'AmajyepfoOsitaraliya na Oseyaniya

Ingana gute?

Ireshya ite?

South American rattlesnake ireshya hafi 1,9 m (6,2 ft)Igare ry'umuntu mukuru hafi 1,8 m (5,9 ft)Imodoka hafi 4,5 m (15 ft)
ireshya n'injangwe zo mu rugo 4 zikurikiranye kuva ku zuru kugeza ku murizoireshya n'imineke 11 ikurikiranyeyakwiruka metero 100 mu masegonda 90 (umuntu wihuta kurusha abandi akenera 9,6)

South American rattlesnake ingana ite ugereranyije NAWE?

Ni imibare gusa ikorerwa muri mudasobwa yawe. Nta kintu kibikwa cyangwa cyoherezwa ahandi.

Yihuta gute?

bikwiye kumenywa

Ibintu by'ukuri

1

The lethal dose for a 60 kg human is possibly 18 mg, while a snake's venom yield is 20 to 100 mg.1

2

Crotoxin, a neurotoxin, makes up about 48.5% to 89.4% of the venom proteins in one subspecies, though it is typically 60% to 70%.1

3

It is the most widely distributed member of its genus, and seven subspecies are currently recognised.1

4

It is more active at dusk and in the early hours of the morning.1

5

Males compete for access to females from the end of summer, with mating in autumn and the young born the following spring or summer.1

Usenya ibinyoma

Ikinyoma: Yellow venom means the bite damages blood and tissue, and white venom means it attacks the nerves.

Ukuri: Venom colour does not determine the type. Colour depends on pigments in the venom, not on whether it is haemorrhagic or neurotoxic.1

Ku bahanga mu by'ubumara

Izina rya siyansi
Crotalus durissus
Itsinda
Rattlesnake
Umuryango
Viperidae2
Itsinda rinini (order)
Squamata
Imigabane
Amerika y'Amajyepfo
Abana bato
It gives birth to live young (ovoviviparous), usually four to eight at a time. In Roraima, Brazil, gestation has been reported to last five months, with up to 14 young.1
Akaga ku bantu
4 / 5: Iteje akaga cyane3

Aho ibintu bivugwa bituruka

  1. Crotalus durissus (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
  2. Crotalus durissus (iNaturalist): amazina n'ibyiciro.
  3. Venom Wiki: urwego rw'akaga, ingano isanzwe n'ikigereranyo cy'umuvuduko ni ibyacu bwite. Reba uko tubibara: Uko tugena akaga.

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