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Risba: Nose-horned viper
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Nose-horned viper

Vipera ammodytes
O imenu: The scientific name ammodytes comes from Greek words meaning 'sand' and 'burrower' or 'diver', even though it prefers rocky places rather than sand.1
Lahko ubijeBrez zdravljenja te lahko ubije. Če te ugrizne, hitro poišči pomoč.
Vipere in gadi UgriziJe: Meso
Nevarnost za ljudi: Zelo nevarnaČloveka, ki ne dobi zdravljenja, lahko ubije.

The nose-horned viper is a venomous snake with a small, soft horn on the tip of its snout. It lives on dry, rocky hillsides in northern Italy, the Balkans and parts of Asia Minor. It is often described as the most dangerous snake in Europe, so it is worth knowing what it looks like.1

Živi v
Northern Italy, the Balkans, Greece, Turkey, Georgia and Syria, with records in southern Austria, Romania and Bulgaria.1
Evropa, Azija
Domov
It mainly lives on dry, rocky hillsides with sparse plants. It is sometimes found in woodland edges and clearings, and near people on railway embankments, farmland and vineyards where rubble piles and stone walls are present. At lower latitudes it may be found above 2000 m.1
Dolžina
14 cm do 85 cm (5,5 in do 2,8 ft)1
Največja hitrost
približno 3,5 km/h (2,2 mph)
Na kopnem, groba ocena
Kaj je?
Adults mainly eat small mammals and birds, and juveniles mostly eat lizards. Larger prey is struck, released, tracked and then swallowed, while smaller prey is swallowed without using the venom.1
Zares!Fotografija: Nose-horned viper
Nose-horned viper. Fotografija: Holger Krisp. CC BY 3.0, Wikimedia Commons.

Kako jo prepoznaš

  • A single small, soft and flexible horn on the snout, about 5 mm long.1
  • Males have a dark blotch or V-shaped marking on the back of the head and a thick black stripe running from behind the eye to the jaw.1
  • Males usually have a black tongue and a golden or coppery iris.1
  • Females are browner, with a less contrasting pattern and no dark blotch on the head.1
  • Both sexes have a dark zigzag stripe along the back, and the tail tip may be yellow, orange, red or green.1

Moč strupa

Ugrizi

Strup pride ven skozi strupnike ali zobe, ko ugrizne.

Kaj naredi njen strup, ko ugrizne ali piči?

The venom has both proteolytic (breaks down tissue) and neurotoxic (attacks the nerves) parts, and it contains blood-clotting agents. Bites cause pain, swelling and discolouration, which may start straight away, and there are also reports of dizziness and tingling. Humans respond rapidly to this venom.1

Kako nevarna je za ljudi?

Nevarnost za ljudi: Zelo nevarnaČloveka, ki ne dobi zdravljenja, lahko ubije.

It is likely the most dangerous snake found in Europe, and in some areas it is a significant medical risk. The venom is rarely deadly when hospital care is available. It is generally lethargic and not aggressive, and it tends not to bite without considerable provocation.1

Dobra novica: zdravniki imajo za to zdravilo (protistrup) ali zdravljenje.1

Kaj naredi, ko se prestraši?

When surprised, some individuals stay still and hiss loudly, some hiss and then flee, and others try to bite immediately.1

Če ugrizne

  • Get to a hospital: the venom is rarely deadly when hospital care is available.1
  • Poškodovanca drži pri miru in ga pomirjaj, ugriznjeni ud drži v višini srca, odstrani prstane in tesne stvari ter ga hitro odpelji v bolnišnico.

Vedno najprej pokliči številko za klic v sili (112, 000, 911). To so splošna navodila za prvo pomoč, ne zdravniški nasvet. Osnove prve pomoči

Ostani varen

  • Nikoli se ne dotikaj divje živali, je ne lovi in je ne draži, tudi če je majhna in tudi če je videti, kot da spi ali je mrtva.
  • Pusti ji prostor. Če jo srečaš, ostani miren, počasi stopi nazaj in jo pusti, da gre svojo pot.
  • Če te ugrizne: ostani miren, ne premikaj se, pokliči številko za klic v sili (112, 000, 911) ali hitro pojdi v bolnišnico. Zapomni si, kako je izgledala, fotografija pomaga.

Ne preži nate. Strup uporablja, da ulovi hrano ali se zaščiti, in se veliko raje skrije. Več o varnosti

Kje na svetu?

AfrikaAzijaEvropaSeverna AmerikaJužna AmerikaAvstralija in Oceanija

Kako velika je?

Kako dolga je?

Nose-horned viper približno 85 cm dolga (2,8 ft)Domača mačka približno 50 cm (1,6 ft)Pes približno 1 m (3,3 ft)
dolga kot 1,5 domačih mačk od nosu do repadolga kot 5 banan, položenih ena za drugozmore 100 metrov v 100 sekundah (najhitrejši človek potrebuje 9,6)

Kakšne velikosti je Nose-horned viper v primerjavi s TABO?

Samo matematika v tvojem brskalniku. Nič se ne shrani in nič se nikamor ne pošlje.

Kako hitra je?

vredno vedeti

Dejstva

1

Its venom is used to make antivenin for the bites of other European vipers, and the snake is farmed for this purpose.1

2

Its horn is soft and flexible, not hard like a true horn.1

3

Before mating, males perform a combat dance, similar to that of adders.1

4

On one island, snakes were smaller than elsewhere, which suggests regional or island dwarfism.1

5

It hibernates for two to six months each year, depending on conditions.1

6

It is ovoviviparous, meaning the eggs hatch inside the mother, so the young are born alive.1

Razbijalec mitov

Mit: Because of its reputation, it is an aggressive snake that bites readily.

Resnica: It is generally lethargic and not at all aggressive. It tends not to bite without considerable provocation.1

Za strokovnjake za strupe

Znanstveno ime
Vipera ammodytes
Skupina
Vipere in gadi
Družina
Viperidae2
Red
Squamata
Celine
Evropa, Azija
Mladiči
It gives birth to live young, with one to twenty born in late summer or autumn (August to October). The young are 14 to 24 cm long at birth.1
Kako ji gre v naravi
Strictly protected (Appendix II) under the Berne Convention1
Nevarnost za ljudi
4 / 5: Zelo nevarna3

Od kod so dejstva

  1. Vipera ammodytes (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
  2. Vipera ammodytes (iNaturalist): imena in razvrstitev.
  3. Venom Wiki: stopnja nevarnosti, tipična velikost in ocena hitrosti so naše lastne. Poglej, kako jih določimo: Kako ocenjujemo nevarnost.

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