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Pumpkin toadlet

Brachycephalus ephippium

Samo boliNe dotikaj seBoli, a te ne bo resno poškodovala.

Strupene žabe, krastače in pupki

Strup v kožiJe: MesoStrupena za dotik ali zaužitje, ne ob ugrizu ali piku

Nevarnost za ljudi: BolečeLahko zelo boli, a skoraj nikoli ni resno.

The pumpkin toadlet is a tiny, brightly coloured frog that lives in the leaf litter of the Atlantic rainforests of southeastern Brazil. Adults are bright yellow-orange, a warning sign that their skin and body carry a strong toxin. Scientists have found that the head and back of this frog glow under ultraviolet light.1

Strupena ob ugrizu ali ob dotiku? Nekatere živali strup vbrizgajo z ugrizom ali pikom: te so strupene ob ugrizu ali piku. Druge so škodljive, če se jih dotakneš ali jih poješ: te so strupene za dotik ali zaužitje. Ta žival je strupena za dotik ali zaužitje.

Živi v

Southeastern Brazil: Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, southeastern São Paulo and southeastern Minas Gerais1

Južna Amerika

Domov

It lives among leaf litter on the forest floor of Atlantic rainforests, at altitudes of 200 to 1,250 metres. It is active during the day.1

Dolžina

1,2 cm do 2 cm (0,5 in do 0,8 in)1

Največja hitrost

približno 2 km/h (1,2 mph)

Na kopnem, groba ocena

Kaj je?

It feeds on tiny invertebrates found in the leaf litter.1

Fotografija: Pumpkin toadlet — Pumpkin toadlet. Fotografija: Carlos Otávio Gussoni. CC BY 4.0, iNaturalist.

Kako jo prepoznaš

Adults are bright yellow-orange.1
Newly hatched young are brown and well camouflaged.1
It is very small, with adults measuring 12.5 to 19.7 mm from snout to vent.1
Females tend to be larger than males.1

Pogosto zamenjujejo z: It is closely related to the red pumpkin toadlet (B. pitanga), which also glows under ultraviolet light and shares its inability to hear its own call.1

Moč strupa

Strup v koži

Njena koža je strupena. Nevarno se je je dotakniti, jo polizati ali pojesti.

Kaj naredi njen strup, če se je dotakneš ali jo poješ?

This frog is poisonous rather than venomous, so it does not inject venom. Its main toxin is 11-oxotetrodotoxin, which is extremely rare in animals, even marine ones, and is four to five times more potent than tetrodotoxin. The toxins are found in the skin and ovaries but are mostly concentrated in the liver.1

Kako nevarna je za ljudi?

Nevarnost za ljudi: BolečeLahko zelo boli, a skoraj nikoli ni resno.

Kaj naredi, ko se prestraši?

Its bright yellow-orange colour is a warning display (aposematism) that tells predators it is toxic.1

Če se je je kdo dotaknil ali jo pojedel

Če se je je kdo dotaknil: dobro umij roke in se ne dotikaj oči ali ust. Če jo je otrok ali hišni ljubljenček polizal ali pojedel: pokliči center za zastrupitve ali številko za klic v sili.

Vedno najprej pokliči številko za klic v sili (112, 000, 911). To so splošna navodila za prvo pomoč, ne zdravniški nasvet. Osnove prve pomoči

Ostani varen

Nikoli se ne dotikaj divje živali, je ne lovi in je ne draži, tudi če je majhna in tudi če je videti, kot da spi ali je mrtva.
Pusti ji prostor. Če jo srečaš, ostani miren, počasi stopi nazaj in jo pusti, da gre svojo pot.
Če si se je dotaknil ali jo pojedel: ne drgni si oči ali ust, umij si roke in poišči zdravniško pomoč.

Ne preži nate. Njen strup je tam samo zato, da je nihče ne poje. Več o varnosti

Kje na svetu?

Afrika Azija Evropa Severna Amerika Južna Amerika Avstralija in Oceanija

Kako velika je?

Kako dolga je?

krajša od tvojega mezincazmore 100 metrov v 180 sekundah (najhitrejši človek potrebuje 9,6)

Kakšne velikosti je Pumpkin toadlet v primerjavi s TABO?

Samo matematika v tvojem brskalniku. Nič se ne shrani in nič se nikamor ne pošlje.

Kako hitra je?

Želva približno 0,3 km/h (0,19 mph)

Pumpkin toadlet približno 2 km/h (1,2 mph)

Človek, ki hodi približno 5 km/h (3,1 mph)

vredno vedeti

Dejstva

In 2019, scientists found that the head and back of this frog glow under ultraviolet light because of fluorescent skeletons. Young frogs that have gained adult colours still do not glow.1

Adults cannot hear the frequency of their own calls because their ears are underdeveloped. They communicate with movements such as inflating the vocal sac, gaping the mouth and waving their arms.1

Its main toxin, 11-oxotetrodotoxin, is extremely rare in animals, even in marine species.1

Its young hatch directly into tiny toadlets, skipping the tadpole stage.1

It is among the largest frogs in its genus, Brachycephalus.1

Razbijalec mitov

Mit: Its glow under ultraviolet light is a warning signal to predators.

Resnica: Studies suggest this is unlikely. Predators attack the frogs at the same rate whether or not they glow.1

Za strokovnjake za strupe

Znanstveno ime: Brachycephalus ephippium
Skupina: Strupene žabe, krastače in pupki
Družina: Brachycephalidae2
Red: Anura
Celine: Južna Amerika
Mladiči: It breeds by direct development. The female lays a few eggs on land, which hatch into young toadlets with no tadpole stage.1
Kako ji gre v naravi: Not considered threatened1
Nevarnost za ljudi: 2 / 5: Boleče3

Od kod so dejstva

Pumpkin toadlet (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
Brachycephalus ephippium (iNaturalist): imena in razvrstitev.
Venom Wiki: stopnja nevarnosti, tipična velikost in ocena hitrosti so naše lastne. Poglej, kako jih določimo: Kako ocenjujemo nevarnost.

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