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Risba: Rinkhals
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Rinkhals

Hemachatus haemachatus
Potreben je zdravnikLe redko smrtno nevarno, a po ugrizu ali strupu v očeh je potreben zdravnik.
Kobre, mambe in kraiti Brizga ali pljuvaJe: Meso
Nevarnost za ljudi: ResnoPo ugrizu ali strupu v očeh je potreben zdravnik. Smrtni primeri so zelo redki.

The rinkhals is a venomous snake that lives in southern Africa. It is often called the ring-necked spitting cobra, but it is not a true cobra. It is known for spitting venom at threats rather than relying on its bite.1

Živi v
Southern Africa: South Africa, Lesotho and Eswatini, with an isolated Zimbabwe population that may be extinct1
Afrika
Domov
It prefers grasslands, from the coast up to altitudes of 2,000 m. It is extremely common on the Highveld and in the grasslands of KwaZulu-Natal. Because it eats frogs and toads, it is often found near wetlands.1
Dolžina
90 cm do 1,1 m (3 ft do 3,6 ft)1
Največja hitrost
približno 6,9 km/h (4,3 mph)
Na kopnem, groba ocena
Kaj je?
It hunts during the daytime and will prey on any vertebrate small enough to eat. Toads are its most common food in the wild, but it also eats rodents and small lizards.1
Zares!Fotografija: Rinkhals
Rinkhals. Fotografija: ProfbergerLee R. Berger. CC BY-SA 3.0, Wikimedia Commons.

Kako jo prepoznaš

  • Its belly is dark, with one or two light-coloured crossbands on the throat.1
  • Its usual total length, including the tail, is 90 to 110 cm.1
  • Colour varies. Some individuals are mostly black, while others are striped.1
  • When distressed, it spreads its hood to show a striped neck.1
  • Its dorsal scales are keeled, which means they have a ridge down the middle.1

Pogosto zamenjujejo z: It closely resembles true cobras, which belong to the genus Naja. Its keeled dorsal scales and the lack of solid teeth on the maxilla (upper jaw bone) set it apart, and these differences are why it is placed in its own genus, Hemachatus.1

Moč strupa

Brizga ali pljuva

Na napadalce brizga ali pljuva pekočo tekočino.

Kaj naredi njen strup, ko ugrizne ali piči?

Its venom is neurotoxic, meaning it attacks the nerves, and partially cytotoxic, meaning it destroys body tissue. A bite causes great pain and can lead to necrosis (death of tissue). General symptoms include drowsiness, nausea, vomiting, violent abdominal pain, cramps and vertigo, and local swelling and bruising occur in about a quarter of cases.1

Kako nevarna je za ljudi?

Nevarnost za ljudi: ResnoPo ugrizu ali strupu v očeh je potreben zdravnik. Smrtni primeri so zelo redki.

Bites are rare, because the snake relies on other defences first. Most bites happen when people try to handle it. No fatality from a rinkhals bite has been recorded in over 40 years.1

Dobra novica: zdravniki imajo za to zdravilo (protistrup) ali zdravljenje.1

Kaj naredi, ko se prestraši?

When threatened, it spreads its hood, hisses and lunges while spitting venom accurately up to 3 m, usually aiming at the face and eyes. If other defences fail, it may bite, and it can also roll over with its mouth open and tongue out.1

Če ugrizne ali pljuva

  • Polyvalent antivenom is effective for treating rinkhals envenomation. If venom gets into the eyes, it causes great pain and inflammation, and corneal damage can occur if left untreated. Timely first aid and eye-washing will usually lead to recovery after a few days.1
  • Poškodovanca drži pri miru in ga pomirjaj, odstrani prstane in tesne stvari ter ga hitro odpelji v bolnišnico: zdravljenje je protistrup.
  • Če je strup brizgnil v oči, jih takoj izpiraj z veliko čiste vode.

Vedno najprej pokliči številko za klic v sili (112, 000, 911). To so splošna navodila za prvo pomoč, ne zdravniški nasvet. Osnove prve pomoči

Ostani varen

  • Nikoli se ne dotikaj divje živali, je ne lovi in je ne draži, tudi če je majhna in tudi če je videti, kot da spi ali je mrtva.
  • Pusti ji prostor. Če jo srečaš, ostani miren, počasi stopi nazaj in jo pusti, da gre svojo pot.
  • Če te ugrizne ali ti pljune strup v oči: ostani miren, ne premikaj se, pokliči številko za klic v sili (112, 000, 911) ali hitro pojdi v bolnišnico. Zapomni si, kako je izgledala, fotografija pomaga.

Ne preži nate. Strup uporablja, da ulovi hrano ali se zaščiti, in se veliko raje skrije. Več o varnosti

Kje na svetu?

AfrikaAzijaEvropaSeverna AmerikaJužna AmerikaAvstralija in Oceanija

Kako velika je?

Kako dolga je?

Rinkhals približno 1,1 m dolga (3,6 ft)Pes približno 1 m (3,3 ft)Odrasla oseba približno 1,7 m (5,6 ft)
dolga kot 2 domačih mačk od nosu do repadolga kot 6 banan, položenih ena za drugozmore 100 metrov v 52 sekundah (najhitrejši človek potrebuje 9,6)

Kakšne velikosti je Rinkhals v primerjavi s TABO?

Samo matematika v tvojem brskalniku. Nič se ne shrani in nič se nikamor ne pošlje.

Kako hitra je?

vredno vedeti

Dejstva

1

When threatened, it can play dead by rolling onto its back with its mouth open and tongue out. This behaviour, called thanatosis, is also seen in some other snakes.1

2

It can spit venom accurately at targets up to 3 m away and has good control over its venom glands.1

3

Unlike true cobras, which lay eggs, it gives birth to live young.1

4

It is not a true cobra. It belongs to its own genus, Hemachatus, which has only one species.1

Razbijalec mitov

Mit: The rinkhals is a true cobra.

Resnica: It bears a great resemblance to true cobras, but it belongs to the genus Hemachatus rather than Naja, so it is not a true cobra.1

Za strokovnjake za strupe

Znanstveno ime
Hemachatus haemachatus
Skupina
Kobre, mambe in kraiti
Družina
Elapidae2
Red
Squamata
Celine
Afrika
Mladiči
It gives birth to live young rather than laying eggs. A litter usually has around 20 to 30 young, though some females give birth to over 60, typically in late summer (December to March in the southern hemisphere).1
Nevarnost za ljudi
3 / 5: Resno3

Od kod so dejstva

  1. Rinkhals (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
  2. Hemachatus haemachatus (iNaturalist): imena in razvrstitev.
  3. Venom Wiki: stopnja nevarnosti, tipična velikost in ocena hitrosti so naše lastne. Poglej, kako jih določimo: Kako ocenjujemo nevarnost.

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