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Bullet ant

Paraponera clavata

Kuhusu jina: The species name clavata means "club-shaped", and the genus name Paraponera translates to "near-Ponera".1

Inauma tuInauma, lakini haitakudhuru vibaya.

Siafu na sisimizi

KudungwaHula: Kidogo cha kila kitu

Hatari kwa watu: InaumaInaweza kuuma sana, lakini karibu kamwe si jambo zito.

The bullet ant is a large rainforest ant with a sting that is famously painful. It lives in humid lowland rainforests in Central and South America. Its sting ranks as the most painful of all insect stings on one informal pain scale.1

Anaishi

Central and South America, from Honduras and El Salvador south to Brazil and Bolivia1

Amerika Kaskazini, Amerika Kusini

Nyumbani

Colonies of several hundred ants are usually built at the bases of trees in humid lowland rainforest. Workers forage up into the tree canopy, often as high as the upper canopy, and little foraging happens on the forest floor.1

Urefu

1.8 cm hadi 3 cm (0.7 in hadi 1.2 in)1

Kasi ya juu

takriban km 0.35 kwa saa (maili 0.22 kwa saa)

Nchi kavu, makadirio

Hula nini?

Workers forage in the trees for small arthropods (small invertebrates) and nectar. Nectar, carried between the mandibles (jaws), is the most common food brought back to the nest.1

Picha ya Bullet ant — Bullet ant. Picha: unknown. CC0, iNaturalist.

Jinsi ya kumtambua

Worker ants are 18–30 mm long1
They are stout and reddish-black1
They are wingless and look like wasps1
They produce a stridulating (rasping) sound when defending the nest1

Nguvu ya sumu

Kudungwa

Sumu hutoka kupitia mdungo.

Sumu yake hufanya nini?

The sting delivers poneratoxin, a paralysing neurotoxic peptide (a small protein that attacks the nerves). It affects sodium ion channels, which are needed to send nerve signals, and blocks signal transmission in the central nervous system. Common symptoms from even one sting include swollen lymph nodes, swelling (oedema), a fast heartbeat (tachycardia) and fresh blood in the faeces.1

Ana hatari gani kwa watu?

Hatari kwa watu: InaumaInaweza kuuma sana, lakini karibu kamwe si jambo zito.

The pain is described as burning, throbbing and all-consuming, and it can last for up to 24 hours. Workers are vicious when defending the nest, so people who disturb a nest risk being stung.1

Hufanya nini akiogopa?

The ants are not aggressive in general, but they defend the nest viciously, producing a stridulating sound and stinging with ferocity.1

Akidunga

Osha na upoze sehemu zilizodungwa.
Mtu akipata shida ya kupumua, uso au koo likivimba, au akijisikia kuzimia, hiyo ni dharura ya mzio: piga namba ya dharura.

Daima piga namba ya dharura kwanza (112, 000, 911). Huu ni mwongozo wa jumla wa huduma ya kwanza, si ushauri wa kitabibu. Misingi ya huduma ya kwanza

Kaa salama

Kamwe usimguse, kumkamata wala kumchokoza mnyama wa porini, hata akiwa mdogo, na hata akionekana amelala au amekufa.
Mpe nafasi. Ukikutana naye, tulia, rudi nyuma polepole na umwache aende zake.
Akikudunga: tulia, usitikisike, piga namba yako ya dharura (112, 000, 911) au nenda hospitali haraka. Kumbuka alivyoonekana, picha husaidia.

Hakuwindi wewe. Hutumia sumu yake kukamata chakula au kujilinda, na hupendelea zaidi kujificha. Zaidi kuhusu kukaa salama

Wapi duniani?

Afrika Asia Ulaya Amerika Kaskazini Amerika Kusini Australia na Oceania

Ana ukubwa gani?

Ana urefu gani?

karibu urefu sawa na kibanio cha karatasi

Bullet ant ana ukubwa gani ukilinganisha na WEWE?

Ni hesabu tu kwenye kivinjari chako. Hakuna kinachohifadhiwa wala kutumwa popote.

Ana kasi gani?

Kobe takriban km 0.3 kwa saa (0.19 mph)

Bullet ant takriban km 0.35 kwa saa (0.22 mph)

Mtu anayetembea takriban km 5 kwa saa (3.1 mph)

inafaa kujua

Ukweli

Its sting is compared to walking over flaming charcoal with a three-inch nail in your heel, and some victims say it feels like being shot, which gives the ant its name.1

The Sateré-Mawé people of Brazil use bullet ant stings in initiation rites for becoming warriors or leaders. Ants are sedated and woven into gloves, and the initiate wears them for 5 to 10 minutes or longer.1

A flying fly parasite, Apocephalus paraponerae, lays eggs in injured bullet ants, and a crushed ant can attract flies within two to three minutes.1

Poneratoxin from its venom is being investigated for possible medical uses.1

The glasswing butterfly, Greta oto, is a predator of the bullet ant. Its larvae make chemical extracts that these ants find unpalatable.1

Fossils of relatives were found in Dominican amber. The extinct Paraponera dieteri lived 15 to 45 million years ago in the Early Miocene.1

Kwa wataalamu wa sumu

Jina la kisayansi: Paraponera clavata
Kundi: Siafu na sisimizi
Familia: Formicidae2
Mpangilio: Hymenoptera
Mabara: Amerika Kaskazini, Amerika Kusini
Hatari kwa watu: 2 / 5: Inauma3

Ukweli unatoka wapi

Paraponera clavata (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
Paraponera clavata (iNaturalist): majina na uainishaji.
Venom Wiki: kiwango cha hatari, ukubwa wa kawaida na makadirio ya kasi ni yetu wenyewe. Ona jinsi tunavyovipata: Jinsi tunavyopima hatari.

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