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Common toad

Bufo bufo

Kuhusu jina: Its scientific name Bufo bufo comes from the Latin word for toad.1

Inauma tuUsiguseInauma, lakini haitakudhuru vibaya.

Vyura wa sumu, chura na mijusi-maji

Sumu ndani ya ngoziHula: NyamaSumu ya kugusa au kula, hadungi sumu

Hatari kwa watu: InaumaInaweza kuuma sana, lakini karibu kamwe si jambo zito.

The common toad is a stout, warty toad that lives across most of Europe, in western North Asia and in a small part of northwest Africa. It hides under stones and leaves by day and hunts slugs, beetles and worms at night. Its skin releases a foul-tasting toxin that helps protect it from predators.1

Anadunga sumu au ana sumu ya kugusa? Wanyama wanaodunga sumu huingiza sumu kwa kuuma au kudunga. Wanyama wenye sumu ya kugusa au kula hudhuru wakiguswa au kuliwa. Huyu ni wa aina ya pili.

Anaishi

Most of Europe, western North Asia (east to Irkutsk, Siberia) and northwest Africa (Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia)1

Ulaya, Asia

Nyumbani

It is mostly found in forests with coniferous, deciduous or mixed woodland, especially in wet places. It also lives in open countryside, fields, copses, parks and gardens, and can be far from standing water. In spring, large numbers gather at certain breeding ponds.1

Urefu

15 cm (5.9 in)1

Kasi ya juu

takriban km 2 kwa saa (maili 1.2 kwa saa)

Nchi kavu, makadirio

Hula nini?

It eats woodlice, slugs, beetles, caterpillars, flies, ants, spiders, earthworms and even small mice. Small, fast-moving prey is caught with a flick of the tongue, while larger prey is grabbed with the jaws and swallowed whole.1

Picha ya Common toad — Common toad. Picha: George Chernilevsky, no known copyright restrictions (public domain). Public domain, iNaturalist.

Jinsi ya kumtambua

Greyish-brown, olive-brown or brown skin covered in small, wart-like lumps1
Bulging paratoid glands just behind the eyes, which are a clear sign of a toad1
Yellow or copper-coloured eyes with horizontal, slit-shaped pupils1
No tail, no teeth, and no neck visible between the head and body1
Walks slowly or makes short shuffling hops, rather than leaping1

Mara nyingi huchanganywa na: The natterjack toad is usually smaller and has a yellow band down its back. The European green toad has a distinctive mottled pattern. The paratoid glands of both of these run parallel to each other, not slanting as in the common toad. The common frog has a less rounded snout, damp smooth skin, and usually leaps.1

Nguvu ya sumu

Sumu ndani ya ngozi

Ngozi yake ina sumu. Ni hatari kumgusa, kumramba au kumla.

Sumu yake hufanya nini?

The toad is poisonous rather than venomous, so it does not inject venom. Its paratoid glands and other skin glands secrete a noxious, foul-tasting substance containing bufotoxin, which is enough to deter many predators. Grass snakes seem to be unaffected by it.1

Ana hatari gani kwa watu?

Hatari kwa watu: InaumaInaweza kuuma sana, lakini karibu kamwe si jambo zito.

Hufanya nini akiogopa?

When attacked, it inflates its body and stands with its hindquarters raised and its head lowered.1

Mtu akimgusa au kumla

Mtu akimgusa: nawa mikono vizuri na usiguse macho wala mdomo. Mtoto au mnyama kipenzi akimramba au kumla: piga kituo cha taarifa za sumu au namba ya dharura.

Daima piga namba ya dharura kwanza (112, 000, 911). Huu ni mwongozo wa jumla wa huduma ya kwanza, si ushauri wa kitabibu. Misingi ya huduma ya kwanza

Kaa salama

Kamwe usimguse, kumkamata wala kumchokoza mnyama wa porini, hata akiwa mdogo, na hata akionekana amelala au amekufa.
Mpe nafasi. Ukikutana naye, tulia, rudi nyuma polepole na umwache aende zake.
Ukimgusa au kumla: usisugue macho wala mdomo, nawa mikono na utafute msaada wa kitabibu.

Hakuwindi wewe. Sumu yake ipo tu ili asiliwe na yeyote. Zaidi kuhusu kukaa salama

Wapi duniani?

Afrika Asia Ulaya Amerika Kaskazini Amerika Kusini Australia na Oceania

Ana ukubwa gani?

Ana urefu gani?

urefu sawa na matofali 5 ya kuchezea yaliyopangwa mstariangeweza kukimbia mita 100 kwa sekunde 180 (binadamu mwenye kasi zaidi anahitaji 9.6)

Common toad ana ukubwa gani ukilinganisha na WEWE?

Ni hesabu tu kwenye kivinjari chako. Hakuna kinachohifadhiwa wala kutumwa popote.

Ana kasi gani?

Kobe takriban km 0.3 kwa saa (0.19 mph)

Common toad takriban km 2 kwa saa (1.2 mph)

Mtu anayetembea takriban km 5 kwa saa (3.1 mph)

inafaa kujua

Ukweli

Common toads have been recorded at depths of about 99 m in Loch Ness, Scotland, which surprised researchers because it is an air-breathing animal.1

Crows have been seen puncturing the toad's skin and pecking out its liver to avoid the toxin.1

They can live for about ten to twelve years in the wild and have survived for fifty years in captivity.1

Toads can see prey in low light where humans cannot see anything.1

Adults often return to the same breeding pond year after year, and over 80% of males marked as juveniles were found to return to the pond where they were spawned.1

Kwa wataalamu wa sumu

Jina la kisayansi: Bufo bufo
Kundi: Vyura wa sumu, chura na mijusi-maji
Familia: Bufonidae2
Mpangilio: Anura
Mabara: Ulaya, Asia
Watoto: The female lays eggs in gelatinous strings in the water. These hatch into tadpoles, which take several months to grow and sprout limbs before becoming tiny toads.1
Muda wa maisha: takriban miaka 101
Hali yake porini: Least Concern1
Hatari kwa watu: 2 / 5: Inauma3

Ukweli unatoka wapi

Common toad (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
Bufo bufo (iNaturalist): majina na uainishaji.
Venom Wiki: kiwango cha hatari, ukubwa wa kawaida na makadirio ya kasi ni yetu wenyewe. Ona jinsi tunavyovipata: Jinsi tunavyopima hatari.

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