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Katuni ya Nose-horned viper
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Nose-horned viper

Vipera ammodytes
Kuhusu jina: The scientific name ammodytes comes from Greek words meaning 'sand' and 'burrower' or 'diver', even though it prefers rocky places rather than sand.1
Anaweza kuuaAnaweza kukuua bila matibabu. Akikuuma, tafuta msaada haraka.
Nyoka aina ya fira na kifutu KuumwaHula: Nyama
Hatari kwa watu: Hatari sanaAnaweza kumuua mtu asiyepata matibabu.

The nose-horned viper is a venomous snake with a small, soft horn on the tip of its snout. It lives on dry, rocky hillsides in northern Italy, the Balkans and parts of Asia Minor. It is often described as the most dangerous snake in Europe, so it is worth knowing what it looks like.1

Anaishi
Northern Italy, the Balkans, Greece, Turkey, Georgia and Syria, with records in southern Austria, Romania and Bulgaria.1
Ulaya, Asia
Nyumbani
It mainly lives on dry, rocky hillsides with sparse plants. It is sometimes found in woodland edges and clearings, and near people on railway embankments, farmland and vineyards where rubble piles and stone walls are present. At lower latitudes it may be found above 2000 m.1
Urefu
14 cm hadi 85 cm (5.5 in hadi 2.8 ft)1
Kasi ya juu
takriban km 3.5 kwa saa (maili 2.2 kwa saa)
Nchi kavu, makadirio
Hula nini?
Adults mainly eat small mammals and birds, and juveniles mostly eat lizards. Larger prey is struck, released, tracked and then swallowed, while smaller prey is swallowed without using the venom.1
Kweli kabisa!Picha ya Nose-horned viper
Nose-horned viper. Picha: Holger Krisp. CC BY 3.0, Wikimedia Commons.

Jinsi ya kumtambua

  • A single small, soft and flexible horn on the snout, about 5 mm long.1
  • Males have a dark blotch or V-shaped marking on the back of the head and a thick black stripe running from behind the eye to the jaw.1
  • Males usually have a black tongue and a golden or coppery iris.1
  • Females are browner, with a less contrasting pattern and no dark blotch on the head.1
  • Both sexes have a dark zigzag stripe along the back, and the tail tip may be yellow, orange, red or green.1

Nguvu ya sumu

Kuumwa

Sumu hutoka kupitia meno yake ya sumu au meno anapouma.

Sumu yake hufanya nini?

The venom has both proteolytic (breaks down tissue) and neurotoxic (attacks the nerves) parts, and it contains blood-clotting agents. Bites cause pain, swelling and discolouration, which may start straight away, and there are also reports of dizziness and tingling. Humans respond rapidly to this venom.1

Ana hatari gani kwa watu?

Hatari kwa watu: Hatari sanaAnaweza kumuua mtu asiyepata matibabu.

It is likely the most dangerous snake found in Europe, and in some areas it is a significant medical risk. The venom is rarely deadly when hospital care is available. It is generally lethargic and not aggressive, and it tends not to bite without considerable provocation.1

Habari njema: madaktari wana dawa (ya kuzuia sumu) au matibabu ya hili.1

Hufanya nini akiogopa?

When surprised, some individuals stay still and hiss loudly, some hiss and then flee, and others try to bite immediately.1

Akiuma

  • Get to a hospital: the venom is rarely deadly when hospital care is available.1
  • Mweke mtu bila kutikisika na mtulivu, weka kiungo kilichoumwa usawa wa moyo, ondoa pete na vitu vinavyobana, na umpeleke hospitali haraka.

Daima piga namba ya dharura kwanza (112, 000, 911). Huu ni mwongozo wa jumla wa huduma ya kwanza, si ushauri wa kitabibu. Misingi ya huduma ya kwanza

Kaa salama

  • Kamwe usimguse, kumkamata wala kumchokoza mnyama wa porini, hata akiwa mdogo, na hata akionekana amelala au amekufa.
  • Mpe nafasi. Ukikutana naye, tulia, rudi nyuma polepole na umwache aende zake.
  • Akikuuma: tulia, usitikisike, piga namba yako ya dharura (112, 000, 911) au nenda hospitali haraka. Kumbuka alivyoonekana, picha husaidia.

Hakuwindi wewe. Hutumia sumu yake kukamata chakula au kujilinda, na hupendelea zaidi kujificha. Zaidi kuhusu kukaa salama

Wapi duniani?

AfrikaAsiaUlayaAmerika KaskaziniAmerika KusiniAustralia na Oceania

Ana ukubwa gani?

Ana urefu gani?

Nose-horned viper urefu wa takriban 85 cm (2.8 ft)Paka wa nyumbani takriban 50 cm (1.6 ft)Mbwa takriban 1 m (3.3 ft)
urefu sawa na paka wa nyumbani 1.5 kutoka pua hadi mkiaurefu sawa na ndizi 5 zilizopangwa mstariangeweza kukimbia mita 100 kwa sekunde 100 (binadamu mwenye kasi zaidi anahitaji 9.6)

Nose-horned viper ana ukubwa gani ukilinganisha na WEWE?

Ni hesabu tu kwenye kivinjari chako. Hakuna kinachohifadhiwa wala kutumwa popote.

Ana kasi gani?

inafaa kujua

Ukweli

1

Its venom is used to make antivenin for the bites of other European vipers, and the snake is farmed for this purpose.1

2

Its horn is soft and flexible, not hard like a true horn.1

3

Before mating, males perform a combat dance, similar to that of adders.1

4

On one island, snakes were smaller than elsewhere, which suggests regional or island dwarfism.1

5

It hibernates for two to six months each year, depending on conditions.1

6

It is ovoviviparous, meaning the eggs hatch inside the mother, so the young are born alive.1

Kuvunja dhana potofu

Dhana potofu: Because of its reputation, it is an aggressive snake that bites readily.

Ukweli: It is generally lethargic and not at all aggressive. It tends not to bite without considerable provocation.1

Kwa wataalamu wa sumu

Jina la kisayansi
Vipera ammodytes
Kundi
Nyoka aina ya fira na kifutu
Familia
Viperidae2
Mpangilio
Squamata
Mabara
Ulaya, Asia
Watoto
It gives birth to live young, with one to twenty born in late summer or autumn (August to October). The young are 14 to 24 cm long at birth.1
Hali yake porini
Strictly protected (Appendix II) under the Berne Convention1
Hatari kwa watu
4 / 5: Hatari sana3

Ukweli unatoka wapi

  1. Vipera ammodytes (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
  2. Vipera ammodytes (iNaturalist): majina na uainishaji.
  3. Venom Wiki: kiwango cha hatari, ukubwa wa kawaida na makadirio ya kasi ni yetu wenyewe. Ona jinsi tunavyovipata: Jinsi tunavyopima hatari.

Kila ukweli kwenye ukurasa huu una namba inayoonyesha chanzo chake. Kama tumekosea kitu, samahani, sisi ni wapenzi wa wanyama, si jarida la kisayansi. Tuambie kupitia [email protected] nasi tutarekebisha.

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