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Katuni ya Rhinoceros viper
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Rhinoceros viper

Bitis nasicornis
Kuhusu jina: The common name refers to the horn-like scales on the end of its nose.1
Anaweza kuuaAnaweza kukuua bila matibabu. Akikuuma, tafuta msaada haraka.
Nyoka aina ya fira na kifutu KuumwaHula: Nyama
Hatari kwa watu: Hatari sanaAnaweza kumuua mtu asiyepata matibabu.

The rhinoceros viper is a large, stout snake with bright colours and two or three horn-like scales on its nose. It lives in forests across West and Central Africa. It is venomous, and its venom is mainly hemotoxic, meaning it attacks the blood and circulation.1

Anaishi
Forests of West and Central Africa, from Guinea and Liberia to Ghana, and from Central African Republic to Uganda and western Kenya1
Afrika
Nyumbani
It mainly lives in forested areas and rarely goes into woodland. It hides by day in leaf litter, holes, around fallen trees or tangled tree roots. It is mainly on the ground but can climb into trees and thickets up to 3 m high, and is sometimes found in shallow pools.1
Urefu
72 cm hadi 1.1 m (2.4 ft hadi 3.5 ft)1
Kasi ya juu
takriban km 3.6 kwa saa (maili 2.2 kwa saa)
Nchi kavu, makadirio
Hula nini?
It mainly eats small mammals, and in wetland habitats it also takes toads, frogs and fish. It hunts by ambush, often staying still for long periods while waiting for prey to pass by.1
Kweli kabisa!Picha ya Rhinoceros viper
Rhinoceros viper. Picha: Holger Krisp. CC BY 3.0, Wikimedia Commons.

Jinsi ya kumtambua

  • Large and stout, with rough, heavily keeled scales1
  • Two or three horn-like scales on the end of the nose, the front pair often long1
  • Series of blue or blue-green oblong markings, each with a lemon-yellow line down the centre, set within black blotches1
  • Dark crimson triangles down the flanks, bordered with green or blue1
  • Top of the head blue or green, with a black arrow mark1

Mara nyingi huchanganywa na: The name horned puff adder is also used for Bitis caudalis (horned adder), which is a different species. Because of this, names can cause confusion, so the name butterfly viper is preferred.1

Nguvu ya sumu

Kuumwa

Sumu hutoka kupitia meno yake ya sumu au meno anapouma.

Sumu yake hufanya nini?

Its venom is mainly hemotoxic, which attacks the circulatory system, destroying tissue and blood vessels and causing internal bleeding. It also has a neurotoxic component, which attacks the nerves. Small doses of the venom can be deadly. In the few detailed reports of human bites, massive swelling was described, which may lead to necrosis (death of tissue).1

Ana hatari gani kwa watu?

Hatari kwa watu: Hatari sanaAnaweza kumuua mtu asiyepata matibabu.

Because its range is restricted, few bites have been reported and no statistics are available. In 2003 a man in Dayton, Ohio, who kept one as a pet, was bitten and died.1

Habari njema: madaktari wana dawa (ya kuzuia sumu) au matibabu ya hili.1

Hufanya nini akiogopa?

When approached it often reveals its presence with a very loud hiss, almost a shriek, and it can strike quickly forwards or sideways without coiling first or giving a warning.1

Akiuma

  • Mweke mtu bila kutikisika na mtulivu, weka kiungo kilichoumwa usawa wa moyo, ondoa pete na vitu vinavyobana, na umpeleke hospitali haraka.

Daima piga namba ya dharura kwanza (112, 000, 911). Huu ni mwongozo wa jumla wa huduma ya kwanza, si ushauri wa kitabibu. Misingi ya huduma ya kwanza

Kaa salama

  • Kamwe usimguse, kumkamata wala kumchokoza mnyama wa porini, hata akiwa mdogo, na hata akionekana amelala au amekufa.
  • Mpe nafasi. Ukikutana naye, tulia, rudi nyuma polepole na umwache aende zake.
  • Akikuuma: tulia, usitikisike, piga namba yako ya dharura (112, 000, 911) au nenda hospitali haraka. Kumbuka alivyoonekana, picha husaidia.

Hakuwindi wewe. Hutumia sumu yake kukamata chakula au kujilinda, na hupendelea zaidi kujificha. Zaidi kuhusu kukaa salama

Wapi duniani?

AfrikaAsiaUlayaAmerika KaskaziniAmerika KusiniAustralia na Oceania

Ana ukubwa gani?

Ana urefu gani?

Rhinoceros viper urefu wa takriban 1.1 m (3.5 ft)Mbwa takriban 1 m (3.3 ft)Mtu mzima takriban 1.7 m (5.6 ft)
urefu sawa na paka wa nyumbani 2 kutoka pua hadi mkiaurefu sawa na ndizi 6 zilizopangwa mstariangeweza kukimbia mita 100 kwa sekunde 100 (binadamu mwenye kasi zaidi anahitaji 9.6)

Rhinoceros viper ana ukubwa gani ukilinganisha na WEWE?

Ni hesabu tu kwenye kivinjari chako. Hakuna kinachohifadhiwa wala kutumwa popote.

Ana kasi gani?

inafaa kujua

Ukweli

1

Its scales are so rough that they can cut people who handle a snake that is struggling.1

2

Its vivid colours break up its outline in the dappled light of the forest floor, so it is very hard to see.1

3

Its fangs are not large, rarely more than 1.5 cm long, and when not in use they fold up into the roof of its mouth.1

4

Its bright colours fade quickly after it sheds its skin, as silt from its moist habitat builds up on its rough scales.1

5

At least one antivenom, called India Antiserum Africa Polyvalent, protects specifically against bites from this species.1

Kuvunja dhana potofu

Dhana potofu: Its bright colours make it easy to spot in the forest.

Ukweli: Its colours give it excellent camouflage in the dappled light of the forest floor, which can make it almost invisible.1

Kwa wataalamu wa sumu

Jina la kisayansi
Bitis nasicornis
Kundi
Nyoka aina ya fira na kifutu
Familia
Viperidae2
Mpangilio
Squamata
Mabara
Afrika
Watoto
It gives birth to live young, between six and 38 in West Africa, in March and April at the start of the rainy season.1
Hatari kwa watu
4 / 5: Hatari sana3

Ukweli unatoka wapi

  1. Bitis nasicornis (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
  2. Bitis nasicornis (iNaturalist): majina na uainishaji.
  3. Venom Wiki: kiwango cha hatari, ukubwa wa kawaida na makadirio ya kasi ni yetu wenyewe. Ona jinsi tunavyovipata: Jinsi tunavyopima hatari.

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