Venom Wiki / Dibopiwa tsotlhe / Dikobra, dimamba le dikrait

Nom. 0004 ya 1 402

Caspian cobra

Naja oxiana

Ka ga leina: Naja is a Latin form of the Sanskrit word for cobra, and oxiana comes from Oxus, the ancient name of the Amu Darya river.1

E a bolayaNngwe ya diphologolo tse di bolayang go gaisa mo Lefatsheng. Fa e go loma, bitsa thuso ka yone nako eo.Thuso ya bonako le antivenom di pholosa batho ba bantsi. Leletsa nomoro ya gago ya tshoganyetso ka yone nako eo.

Dikobra, dimamba le dikrait

Go lomaE ja: Nama

Kotsi go batho: E a bolayaNngwe ya diphologolo tse di kotsi go gaisa mo lefatsheng.

The Caspian cobra is a highly venomous snake that lives in Central Asia, Afghanistan, Iran and Pakistan. Many scientists consider it the most venomous cobra in the world. It is also a strong swimmer and a good climber.1

E tshela kwa

Central Asia, Afghanistan, northeastern Iran, Pakistan and far northern India1

Asia

Gae

It lives in dry, rocky or stony foothills covered with shrubs or scrub, up to about 3,000 m above sea level. It is often found near water and rarely far from it, and it lives in holes in embankments or in trees.1

Boleele

1 m go ya go 1,7 m (3,3 ft go ya go 5,6 ft)1

Lebelo le le kwa godimo

e ka nna 7,5 km/h (4,7 mph)

Mo lefatsheng, kakanyo fela

E ja eng?

It feeds mostly on small mammals and amphibians, and sometimes on fish, birds and their eggs. It also reportedly eats other snakes.1

Setshwantsho sa Caspian cobra — Caspian cobra. Setshwantsho: Omid Mozaffari. CC BY-SA 3.0, Wikimedia Commons.

Tsela ya go e lemoga

Adults are light to chocolate brown or yellowish, with no hood marks and no spots on the throat.1
Juveniles are pale and faded, with dark and light cross-bands of about equal width around the body.1
The hood is long and tapers gradually, unlike the rounder hood of some other cobras.1
It has several dark bands under the throat.1
It is never fully black, although some individuals can be quite dark.1

Gantsi e tlhakanngwa le: The Caspian cobra is often confused with the Indian cobra, and the two live side by side in Pakistan and northern India. Indian cobras without a hood mark look similar. In the black form of the Indian cobra from Pakistan, almost the whole throat is black, while the Caspian cobra has several dark throat bands and is never fully black.1

Maatla a botlhole

Go loma

Botlhole bo tswa ka meno a yone fa e loma.

Botlhole jo e bo tsenyang bo dira eng?

Its venom is mainly neurotoxic, meaning it attacks the nerves, and most of the venom is made of short neurotoxins. It also contains cytotoxins, which can kill cells, and enzymes called nucleases, which damage tissue at the bite. Severe pain and swelling appear quickly, and weakness, drowsiness and paralysis of the throat and limbs can appear within an hour. The venom can also affect the heart during the first few hours, and at least one heart attack after a bite has been recorded.1

E kotsi go le kae go batho?

Kotsi go batho: E a bolayaNngwe ya diphologolo tse di kotsi go gaisa mo lefatsheng.

It is regarded as the most dangerous snake in Central Asia and has a high death rate. Between 1979 and 1987, 136 confirmed bites were attributed to it in the former Soviet Union. Of these, 8 people died after receiving antivenom, and 11 of the 15 who did not receive antivenom died. In Iran, it causes more deaths from snakebite than any other snake in the country. Without treatment, death can come in as little as 45 minutes or be delayed for up to 24 hours.1

Dikgang tse di molemo: dingaka di na le molemo (antivenom) kgotsa kalafi ya se.1

E dira eng fa e tshogile?

It tends to avoid people, but when cornered or provoked it spreads its hood, hisses, sways from side to side and strikes repeatedly.1

Fa e loma

Medical treatment with antivenom is essential, because untreated bites are often fatal. Symptoms can worsen rapidly without treatment, so urgent medical care is needed.1
Dira gore motho a nne a sa tshikinyege a ritibetse, tlosa direng le dilo tse di tiileng, mme o mo ise bookelong ka bonako: antivenom ke yone kalafi.

Ka gale leletsa nomoro ya gago ya tshoganyetso pele (112, 000, 911). Se ke kaelo e e akaretsang ya thuso ya ntlha, ga se kgakololo ya bongaka. Motheo wa thuso ya ntlha

Nna o babalesegile

O se ka wa ama, wa tshwara kgotsa wa tshwenya phologolo ya naga, le fa e le e nnye, le fa e lebega e robetse kgotsa e sule.
E fe sebaka. Fa o kopana le yone, ritibala, boela morago ka bonya mme o e tlogele e tsamaye ka tsela ya yone.
Fa e nngwe e go loma: ritibala, o se ka wa tshikinyega, leletsa nomoro ya gago ya tshoganyetso (112, 000, 911) kgotsa o ye bookelong ka bonako. Gopola gore e ne e lebega jang, setshwantsho se a thusa.

Ga e go batle. E dirisa botlhole jwa yone go tshwara dijo kgotsa go itshireletsa, mme e rata go iphitlha go feta. Go le gontsi ka go nna o babalesegile

Kae mo lefatsheng?

Aforika Asia Yuropa Amerika Bokone Amerika Borwa Australia le Oceania

E kgolo go le kae?

E telele go le kae?

boleele jo bo lekanang le dikatse tsa ntlo di le 3 go tloga kwa nkong go ya mogatlengboleele jo bo lekanang le dipanana di le 9 di latelanae ka taboga dimetara di le 100 ka metsotswana e le 48 (motho yo o bonako go gaisa o tlhoka 9,6)

Caspian cobra e kgolo go le kae fa e bapisiwa le WENA?

Ke dipalo fela mo sefetleng sa gago (browser). Ga go sepe se se bolokwang kgotsa se se romelwang gope.

E bonako go le kae?

Motho yo o tsamayang e ka nna 5 km/h (3,1 mph)

Caspian cobra e ka nna 7,5 km/h (4,7 mph)

Ngwana mo baesekeleng e ka nna 12 km/h (7,5 mph)

go botlhokwa go itse

Dintlha

Many toxinological studies suggest that the Caspian cobra is the most venomous cobra in the world.1

A ribonuclease called ribonuclease V1, purified from its venom, is used as a laboratory reagent in molecular biology because it can break down structured RNA.1

It cannot spit venom, but it is a good climber and an able swimmer.1

It is the westernmost species of Asiatic cobra, and it can be found at heights of up to about 3,000 m.1

For most of the twentieth century it was treated as a subspecies of the Indian cobra, until genetic analysis showed it was a separate species.1

Mosenyi wa ditlhamane

Tlhamane: Caspian cobras are always black, like some Indian cobras.

Nnete: The Caspian cobra is never fully black. Adults are light to chocolate brown or yellowish, and it has several dark bands under the throat.1

Ya baitseanape ba botlhole

Leina la saense: Naja oxiana
Setlhopha: Dikobra, dimamba le dikrait
Lelapa: Elapidae2
Lekoko: Squamata
Dikontinente: Asia
Kotsi go batho: 5 / 5: E a bolaya3

Kwa dintlha di tswang teng

Caspian cobra (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
Naja oxiana (iNaturalist): maina le thulaganyo ya mefuta.
Venom Wiki: seelo sa kotsi, bogolo jo bo tlwaelegileng le kakanyo ya lebelo ke tsa rona. Bona kafa re di balang ka teng: Kafa re lekanyang kotsi ka teng.

Ntlha nngwe le nngwe mo tsebeng e e na le nomoro e e supang motswedi wa yone. Fa re dirile phoso, maitshwarelo, re barati ba diphologolo, e seng kgatiso ya saense. Re bolelele kwa [email protected] mme re tla e baakanya.

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