Venom Wiki / Dibopiwa tsotlhe / Diphepheng

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Indian red scorpion

Hottentotta tamulus

Ka ga leina: The species name tamulus is thought to come from the Tamil people of southeastern India, where the scorpion occurs.1

E a bolayaNngwe ya diphologolo tse di bolayang go gaisa mo Lefatsheng. Fa e go tlhaba, bitsa thuso ka yone nako eo.Thuso ya bonako le antivenom di pholosa batho ba bantsi. Leletsa nomoro ya gago ya tshoganyetso ka yone nako eo.

Diphepheng

Go tlhabaE ja: Nama

Kotsi go batho: E a bolayaNngwe ya diphologolo tse di kotsi go gaisa mo lefatsheng.

The Indian red scorpion is a small, venomous scorpion found across most of India, eastern Pakistan, the eastern lowlands of Nepal and, more recently, Sri Lanka. It often lives close to people, so its sting is a serious concern in busy rural areas, especially for children.1

E tshela kwa

Most of India, eastern Pakistan, the eastern lowlands of Nepal, and recently recorded in Sri Lanka1

Asia

Gae

It lives in vegetated lowlands with a humid subtropical to tropical climate, and often lives close to or inside human homes, especially in rural areas. It is found in scrubland, cropland, mango orchards, Eucalyptus plantations and under tree bark. People mostly meet it at night or in the early morning, when it crawls into beds or falls from ceilings.1

Boleele

5 cm go ya go 9 cm (2 in go ya go 3,5 in)1

Lebelo le le kwa godimo

e ka nna 1,6 km/h (0,99 mph)

Mo lefatsheng, kakanyo fela

E ja eng?

It is nocturnal and hunts small invertebrates, and sometimes small vertebrates such as lizards.1

Setshwantsho sa Indian red scorpion — Indian red scorpion. Setshwantsho: Shantanu Kuveskar. CC BY-SA 4.0, Wikimedia Commons.

Tsela ya go e lemoga

Its walking legs and the tips of its pincers are bright orange-yellow to light reddish-brown.1
Its body is about 5 to 9 cm long (50 to 90 mm).1
It has three distinct ridges (carinae) on the top of its body segments.1
It has rather small pincers, a moderately thick tail and a rounded tail tip with a large stinger.1
In males, the base of the pincers is slightly more swollen than in females.1

Gantsi e tlhakanngwa le: Under tree bark, its close relative Hottentotta pachyurus is far more common, making up about 91% of scorpions found there in one study in Pune, western India. Scorpions found under bark in that area are therefore more likely to be that species.1

Maatla a botlhole

Go tlhaba

Botlhole bo tswa ka lemao le le tlhabang.

Botlhole jo e bo tsenyang bo dira eng?

The venom is a complex mixture of proteins, including a toxin called tamapin. It mainly affects the heart and lungs, causing symptoms such as severe local pain, vomiting, sweating, unconsciousness, muscle convulsions, breathlessness, abnormal heart rhythms, shock and pulmonary oedema (fluid in the lungs), which may cause death.1

E kotsi go le kae go batho?

Kotsi go batho: E a bolayaNngwe ya diphologolo tse di kotsi go gaisa mo lefatsheng.

It is of great medical significance in densely populated areas of India and Nepal and occasionally causes human deaths. Clinical studies report fatality rates of 8 to 40%, and most victims are children. In Sri Lanka, 12 children in Jaffna died from its stings in 2011, and 80 patients were recorded in 2012.1

Dikgang tse di molemo: dingaka di na le molemo (antivenom) kgotsa kalafi ya se.1

Fa e tlhaba

Antivenin is the specific treatment, combined with supportive care such as vasodilators for heart effects and benzodiazepines for muscle effects. Scorpion antivenom has shown little effect in clinical treatment, while the drug prazosin, which lowers raised blood pressure, is usually recommended and reduces the mortality rate to less than 4%. Get to a hospital fast.1
Tsidifatsa fa go tlhabilweng ka pakana ya aese mme o dire gore motho a nne a sa tshikinyege. Batla thuso ya bongaka ka bonako, bogolo jang go bana: diphepheng dingwe di bolaya bana.

Ka gale leletsa nomoro ya gago ya tshoganyetso pele (112, 000, 911). Se ke kaelo e e akaretsang ya thuso ya ntlha, ga se kgakololo ya bongaka. Motheo wa thuso ya ntlha

Nna o babalesegile

O se ka wa ama, wa tshwara kgotsa wa tshwenya phologolo ya naga, le fa e le e nnye, le fa e lebega e robetse kgotsa e sule.
E fe sebaka. Fa o kopana le yone, ritibala, boela morago ka bonya mme o e tlogele e tsamaye ka tsela ya yone.
Fa e nngwe e go tlhaba: ritibala, o se ka wa tshikinyega, leletsa nomoro ya gago ya tshoganyetso (112, 000, 911) kgotsa o ye bookelong ka bonako. Gopola gore e ne e lebega jang, setshwantsho se a thusa.

Ga e go batle. E dirisa botlhole jwa yone go tshwara dijo kgotsa go itshireletsa, mme e rata go iphitlha go feta. Go le gontsi ka go nna o babalesegile

Kae mo lefatsheng?

Aforika Asia Yuropa Amerika Bokone Amerika Borwa Australia le Oceania

E kgolo go le kae?

E telele go le kae?

boleele jo bo lekanang le diboloko tsa go aga tsa ditshamekisi di le 3 mo molenge ka taboga dimetara di le 100 ka metsotswana e le 220 (motho yo o bonako go gaisa o tlhoka 9,6)

Indian red scorpion e kgolo go le kae fa e bapisiwa le WENA?

Ke dipalo fela mo sefetleng sa gago (browser). Ga go sepe se se bolokwang kgotsa se se romelwang gope.

E bonako go le kae?

Khudu e ka nna 0,3 km/h (0,19 mph)

Indian red scorpion e ka nna 1,6 km/h (0,99 mph)

Motho yo o tsamayang e ka nna 5 km/h (3,1 mph)

go botlhokwa go itse

Dintlha

Most of its victims are children, and clinical studies report fatality rates of 8 to 40%.1

It often comes indoors, where it may crawl into beds or fall from ceilings at night.1

Its venom affects the heart and lungs more than the nerves, which is why its symptoms can become life-threatening.1

Prazosin, a drug used to lower blood pressure, reduces its mortality rate to less than 4%.1

It was not originally found in Sri Lanka, but studies from 2010 to 2013 showed it is now present there.1

Mosenyi wa ditlhamane

Tlhamane: Five different subspecies of the Indian red scorpion exist.

Nnete: R.I. Pocock described five groups in 1900, but these are colour variants (colour morphs), not true subspecies.1

Ya baitseanape ba botlhole

Leina la saense: Hottentotta tamulus
Setlhopha: Diphepheng
Lelapa: Buthidae2
Lekoko: Scorpiones
Dikontinente: Asia
Kotsi go batho: 5 / 5: E a bolaya3

Kwa dintlha di tswang teng

Hottentotta tamulus (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
Hottentotta tamulus (iNaturalist): maina le thulaganyo ya mefuta.
Venom Wiki: seelo sa kotsi, bogolo jo bo tlwaelegileng le kakanyo ya lebelo ke tsa rona. Bona kafa re di balang ka teng: Kafa re lekanyang kotsi ka teng.

Ntlha nngwe le nngwe mo tsebeng e e na le nomoro e e supang motswedi wa yone. Fa re dirile phoso, maitshwarelo, re barati ba diphologolo, e seng kgatiso ya saense. Re bolelele kwa [email protected] mme re tla e baakanya.

Phepheng e tshwerwe ke tlala! Venom Wiki ke porojeke ya motho a le mongwe: ke mahala, ga e na dipapatso le ditraka. Mpho e nnye e thusa go e tshegetsa mo inthaneteng.Fepa phepheng