Venom Wiki / Dibopiwa tsotlhe / Dikobra, dimamba le dikrait

Nom. 0036 ya 1 402

Rinkhals

Hemachatus haemachatus

E tlhoka ngakaGa e bolaye gantsi, mme go lomiwa ke yone kgotsa botlhole mo matlhong go tlhoka ngaka.

Dikobra, dimamba le dikrait

E a fafatsa kgotsa e a tshwelaE ja: Nama

Kotsi go batho: E masisiGo lomiwa ke yone kgotsa botlhole mo matlhong go tlhoka ngaka. Go swa go seoka thata.

The rinkhals is a venomous snake that lives in southern Africa. It is often called the ring-necked spitting cobra, but it is not a true cobra. It is known for spitting venom at threats rather than relying on its bite.1

E tshela kwa

Southern Africa: South Africa, Lesotho and Eswatini, with an isolated Zimbabwe population that may be extinct1

Aforika

Gae

It prefers grasslands, from the coast up to altitudes of 2,000 m. It is extremely common on the Highveld and in the grasslands of KwaZulu-Natal. Because it eats frogs and toads, it is often found near wetlands.1

Boleele

90 cm go ya go 1,1 m (3 ft go ya go 3,6 ft)1

Lebelo le le kwa godimo

e ka nna 6,9 km/h (4,3 mph)

Mo lefatsheng, kakanyo fela

E ja eng?

It hunts during the daytime and will prey on any vertebrate small enough to eat. Toads are its most common food in the wild, but it also eats rodents and small lizards.1

Setshwantsho sa Rinkhals — Rinkhals. Setshwantsho: ProfbergerLee R. Berger. CC BY-SA 3.0, Wikimedia Commons.

Tsela ya go e lemoga

Its belly is dark, with one or two light-coloured crossbands on the throat.1
Its usual total length, including the tail, is 90 to 110 cm.1
Colour varies. Some individuals are mostly black, while others are striped.1
When distressed, it spreads its hood to show a striped neck.1
Its dorsal scales are keeled, which means they have a ridge down the middle.1

Gantsi e tlhakanngwa le: It closely resembles true cobras, which belong to the genus Naja. Its keeled dorsal scales and the lack of solid teeth on the maxilla (upper jaw bone) set it apart, and these differences are why it is placed in its own genus, Hemachatus.1

Maatla a botlhole

E a fafatsa kgotsa e a tshwela

E fafatsa kgotsa e tshwela seedi se se fisang mo go ba ba e tlhaselang.

Botlhole jo e bo tsenyang bo dira eng?

Its venom is neurotoxic, meaning it attacks the nerves, and partially cytotoxic, meaning it destroys body tissue. A bite causes great pain and can lead to necrosis (death of tissue). General symptoms include drowsiness, nausea, vomiting, violent abdominal pain, cramps and vertigo, and local swelling and bruising occur in about a quarter of cases.1

E kotsi go le kae go batho?

Kotsi go batho: E masisiGo lomiwa ke yone kgotsa botlhole mo matlhong go tlhoka ngaka. Go swa go seoka thata.

Bites are rare, because the snake relies on other defences first. Most bites happen when people try to handle it. No fatality from a rinkhals bite has been recorded in over 40 years.1

Dikgang tse di molemo: dingaka di na le molemo (antivenom) kgotsa kalafi ya se.1

E dira eng fa e tshogile?

When threatened, it spreads its hood, hisses and lunges while spitting venom accurately up to 3 m, usually aiming at the face and eyes. If other defences fail, it may bite, and it can also roll over with its mouth open and tongue out.1

Fa e loma kgotsa e tshwela

Polyvalent antivenom is effective for treating rinkhals envenomation. If venom gets into the eyes, it causes great pain and inflammation, and corneal damage can occur if left untreated. Timely first aid and eye-washing will usually lead to recovery after a few days.1
Dira gore motho a nne a sa tshikinyege a ritibetse, tlosa direng le dilo tse di tiileng, mme o mo ise bookelong ka bonako: antivenom ke yone kalafi.
Fa botlhole bo tshwetswe mo matlhong, a tlhatswe ka metsi a mantsi a a phepa ka yone nako eo.

Ka gale leletsa nomoro ya gago ya tshoganyetso pele (112, 000, 911). Se ke kaelo e e akaretsang ya thuso ya ntlha, ga se kgakololo ya bongaka. Motheo wa thuso ya ntlha

Nna o babalesegile

O se ka wa ama, wa tshwara kgotsa wa tshwenya phologolo ya naga, le fa e le e nnye, le fa e lebega e robetse kgotsa e sule.
E fe sebaka. Fa o kopana le yone, ritibala, boela morago ka bonya mme o e tlogele e tsamaye ka tsela ya yone.
Fa e nngwe e go loma kgotsa e go tshwela botlhole mo matlhong: ritibala, o se ka wa tshikinyega, leletsa nomoro ya gago ya tshoganyetso (112, 000, 911) kgotsa o ye bookelong ka bonako. Gopola gore e ne e lebega jang, setshwantsho se a thusa.

Ga e go batle. E dirisa botlhole jwa yone go tshwara dijo kgotsa go itshireletsa, mme e rata go iphitlha go feta. Go le gontsi ka go nna o babalesegile

Kae mo lefatsheng?

Aforika Asia Yuropa Amerika Bokone Amerika Borwa Australia le Oceania

E kgolo go le kae?

E telele go le kae?

boleele jo bo lekanang le dikatse tsa ntlo di le 2 go tloga kwa nkong go ya mogatlengboleele jo bo lekanang le dipanana di le 6 di latelanae ka taboga dimetara di le 100 ka metsotswana e le 52 (motho yo o bonako go gaisa o tlhoka 9,6)

Rinkhals e kgolo go le kae fa e bapisiwa le WENA?

Ke dipalo fela mo sefetleng sa gago (browser). Ga go sepe se se bolokwang kgotsa se se romelwang gope.

E bonako go le kae?

Motho yo o tsamayang e ka nna 5 km/h (3,1 mph)

Rinkhals e ka nna 6,9 km/h (4,3 mph)

Ngwana mo baesekeleng e ka nna 12 km/h (7,5 mph)

go botlhokwa go itse

Dintlha

When threatened, it can play dead by rolling onto its back with its mouth open and tongue out. This behaviour, called thanatosis, is also seen in some other snakes.1

It can spit venom accurately at targets up to 3 m away and has good control over its venom glands.1

Unlike true cobras, which lay eggs, it gives birth to live young.1

It is not a true cobra. It belongs to its own genus, Hemachatus, which has only one species.1

Mosenyi wa ditlhamane

Tlhamane: The rinkhals is a true cobra.

Nnete: It bears a great resemblance to true cobras, but it belongs to the genus Hemachatus rather than Naja, so it is not a true cobra.1

Ya baitseanape ba botlhole

Leina la saense: Hemachatus haemachatus
Setlhopha: Dikobra, dimamba le dikrait
Lelapa: Elapidae2
Lekoko: Squamata
Dikontinente: Aforika
Masea: It gives birth to live young rather than laying eggs. A litter usually has around 20 to 30 young, though some females give birth to over 60, typically in late summer (December to March in the southern hemisphere).1
Kotsi go batho: 3 / 5: E masisi3

Kwa dintlha di tswang teng

Rinkhals (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
Hemachatus haemachatus (iNaturalist): maina le thulaganyo ya mefuta.
Venom Wiki: seelo sa kotsi, bogolo jo bo tlwaelegileng le kakanyo ya lebelo ke tsa rona. Bona kafa re di balang ka teng: Kafa re lekanyang kotsi ka teng.

Ntlha nngwe le nngwe mo tsebeng e e na le nomoro e e supang motswedi wa yone. Fa re dirile phoso, maitshwarelo, re barati ba diphologolo, e seng kgatiso ya saense. Re bolelele kwa [email protected] mme re tla e baakanya.

Phepheng e tshwerwe ke tlala! Venom Wiki ke porojeke ya motho a le mongwe: ke mahala, ga e na dipapatso le ditraka. Mpho e nnye e thusa go e tshegetsa mo inthaneteng.Fepa phepheng