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Setshwantsho sa khathune sa Spider-tailed horned viper
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Spider-tailed horned viper

Pseudocerastes urarachnoides
Ka ga leina: The scientific name comes from Ancient Greek words meaning tail, spider and 'like', because of its spider-like tail tip.1
E tlhoka ngakaGa e bolaye gantsi, mme go lomiwa ke yone go tlhoka ngaka.
Divaepara le dibolobolo Go lomaE ja: Nama
Kotsi go batho: E masisiGo lomiwa ke yone go tlhoka ngaka. Go swa go seoka thata.

The spider-tailed horned viper is a venomous snake with a tail tip that looks like a spider. It lives only in the mountains of western Iran and the nearby eastern part of Iraq. It wiggles its tail to lure birds close enough to catch.1

E tshela kwa
Western Iran and the eastern part of Iraq, near the Iran-Iraq border, mainly on the western side of the Zagros Mountains1
Asia
Gae
It lives at higher elevations, mostly on rocky ground made of gypsum, and prefers deep cracks and holes in the rock. These spots trap humidity and moisture during hot summers. During the day it is most often found in the shade of a shrub.1
Boleele
60 cm (2 ft)3
bogolo jo bo tlwaelegileng jwa e e godileng
Lebelo le le kwa godimo
e ka nna 3,4 km/h (2,1 mph)
Mo lefatsheng, kakanyo fela
E ja eng?
It eats birds, including the Isabelline shrike and several warbler species. It waves the tip of its tail in a figure-of-eight pattern to lure insect-eating birds within striking range.1
Ka nnete!Setshwantsho sa Spider-tailed horned viper
Spider-tailed horned viper. Setshwantsho: Omid Mozaffari. Public domain, Wikimedia Commons.

Tsela ya go e lemoga

  • The scales above each eye rise up into small horns.1
  • About 16 to 17 scales sit between the horns.1
  • The bulb-shaped tail tip is bordered by long, drooping scales that look like spider legs.1
  • The scales on the body are rougher than those of other species in its genus.1
  • It has 15 pairs of subcaudal scales (the scales on the underside of the tail).1

Gantsi e tlhakanngwa le: It looks very similar to other Pseudocerastes vipers in the region, especially around the head. The unusual, spider-like tail tip is the feature that sets it apart.1

Maatla a botlhole

Go loma

Botlhole bo tswa ka meno a yone fa e loma.

Botlhole jo e bo tsenyang bo dira eng?

Its venom mainly acts as a cytotoxin, which destroys cells across a wide variety of cell types, and it has minor neurotoxic effects, which attack the nerves. It is a procoagulant, meaning it makes blood clot, and reports describe clotting in about 13 seconds. The venom affects birds most strongly, and also affects mammals and amphibians. A 2021 study by Brouw found it has a coagulant effect on humans and affects Factor X, a protein needed for blood clotting.1

E kotsi go le kae go batho?

Kotsi go batho: E masisiGo lomiwa ke yone go tlhoka ngaka. Go swa go seoka thata.

No human bite has ever been recorded in the wild. How severe its effects would be on people is not known.1

Fa e loma

  • Dira gore motho a nne a sa tshikinyege a ritibetse, tshegetsa setho se se lomilweng mo boemong jwa pelo, tlosa direng le dilo tse di tiileng, mme o mo ise bookelong ka bonako.

Ka gale leletsa nomoro ya gago ya tshoganyetso pele (112, 000, 911). Se ke kaelo e e akaretsang ya thuso ya ntlha, ga se kgakololo ya bongaka. Motheo wa thuso ya ntlha

Nna o babalesegile

  • O se ka wa ama, wa tshwara kgotsa wa tshwenya phologolo ya naga, le fa e le e nnye, le fa e lebega e robetse kgotsa e sule.
  • E fe sebaka. Fa o kopana le yone, ritibala, boela morago ka bonya mme o e tlogele e tsamaye ka tsela ya yone.
  • Fa e nngwe e go loma: ritibala, o se ka wa tshikinyega, leletsa nomoro ya gago ya tshoganyetso (112, 000, 911) kgotsa o ye bookelong ka bonako. Gopola gore e ne e lebega jang, setshwantsho se a thusa.

Ga e go batle. E dirisa botlhole jwa yone go tshwara dijo kgotsa go itshireletsa, mme e rata go iphitlha go feta. Go le gontsi ka go nna o babalesegile

Kae mo lefatsheng?

AforikaAsiaYuropaAmerika BokoneAmerika BorwaAustralia le Oceania

E kgolo go le kae?

E telele go le kae?

Spider-tailed horned viper e ka nna 60 cm ka boleele (2 ft)Katse ya ntlo e ka nna 50 cm (1,6 ft)Ntša e ka nna 1 m (3,3 ft)
boleele jo bo lekanang le dipanana di le 3 di latelanae ka taboga dimetara di le 100 ka metsotswana e le 110 (motho yo o bonako go gaisa o tlhoka 9,6)

Spider-tailed horned viper e kgolo go le kae fa e bapisiwa le WENA?

Ke dipalo fela mo sefetleng sa gago (browser). Ga go sepe se se bolokwang kgotsa se se romelwang gope.

E bonako go le kae?

go botlhokwa go itse

Dintlha

1

Its tail is moved in a figure-of-eight pattern, and it moves faster when birds are nearby. Field studies have confirmed that this is a lure and not random movement.1

2

Footage of it luring migrating birds appears in the Asia episode of the BBC series Seven Worlds, One Planet, narrated by David Attenborough.1

3

A digested lark was found in the stomach of one of the specimens used to describe the species, supporting the idea that the tail lures birds.1

4

Its tail tip is a form of aggressive mimicry, where a predator looks like something else to attract its prey.1

5

Several other snakes, such as the sidewinder and the green tree python, also use the tip of their tail as a lure, but none has the elongated scales that look like arthropod legs.1

6

A specimen collected in 1968 was first identified as a Persian horned viper. It was only recognised as a separate species and described in 2006.1

Mosenyi wa ditlhamane

Tlhamane: The strange tail tip was caused by a parasite, a deformity or a tumour.

Nnete: Early specimens were thought to have a damaged tail tip. In fact, the spider-like tail is a natural feature that the snake uses to lure birds.1

Ya baitseanape ba botlhole

Leina la saense
Pseudocerastes urarachnoides
Setlhopha
Divaepara le dibolobolo
Lelapa
Viperidae2
Lekoko
Squamata
Dikontinente
Asia
Kotsi go batho
3 / 5: E masisi3

Kwa dintlha di tswang teng

  1. Spider-tailed horned viper (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
  2. Pseudocerastes urarachnoides (iNaturalist): maina le thulaganyo ya mefuta.
  3. Venom Wiki: seelo sa kotsi, bogolo jo bo tlwaelegileng le kakanyo ya lebelo ke tsa rona. Bona kafa re di balang ka teng: Kafa re lekanyang kotsi ka teng.

Ntlha nngwe le nngwe mo tsebeng e e na le nomoro e e supang motswedi wa yone. Fa re dirile phoso, maitshwarelo, re barati ba diphologolo, e seng kgatiso ya saense. Re bolelele kwa [email protected] mme re tla e baakanya.

Phepheng e tshwerwe ke tlala! Venom Wiki ke porojeke ya motho a le mongwe: ke mahala, ga e na dipapatso le ditraka. Mpho e nnye e thusa go e tshegetsa mo inthaneteng.Fepa phepheng

Tse dingwe tsa setlhopha se se tshwanang: Divaepara le dibolobolo

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E tshela gape kwa: Asia

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Fepa phephengnkgwana ya dimpho, e e dira mahala