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Gaboon viper 的卡通圖
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Gaboon viper

Bitis gabonica
名字的由來： The name 'Gaboon' comes from Gabon, a name first given by the Portuguese to an estuary on which the town of Libreville was built.1
可能致命不治療的話可能會害死你。如果牠咬了你，要趕快求救。
蝰蛇 咬吃：肉
對人的危險: 非常危險如果沒有治療，牠可能會害死一個人。

The Gaboon viper is a large, heavy snake with a striking pattern of pale and dark markings. It lives in the rainforests and savannas of sub-Saharan Africa. It is one of the most venomous snakes in the world, so knowing what it looks like matters.1

分布在
Rainforests and savannas of sub-Saharan Africa, from Guinea and Ghana east to Kenya and northeast KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa1
非洲
首頁
It is usually found in rainforests and nearby woodlands, mainly at low altitudes. It is also common in farmland near forests, such as cacao and coffee plantations, and it is often found on roads at night.1
長度
1,2 m 到 1,8 m (4,1 ft 到 5,7 ft)1
體重
8,5 kg 到 11 kg (19 lb 到 25 lb)1
最高速度
大約 4 km/h（2,5 mph）
在陸地上, 粗略估計
牠吃什麼？
It hunts mainly by ambush, waiting motionless for prey to pass. It eats amphibians, mammals and birds, and it is able to take prey as large as fully grown rabbits. Once it strikes, it holds on to its prey with its fangs rather than letting go.1
是真的！Gaboon viper 的照片
Gaboon viper。照片：Nick Schaller。 CC BY 4.0, iNaturalist.

怎麼認出牠

  • A large, heavy, stout body, with a large triangular head and a neck much narrower than the head1
  • A series of pale, rectangular blotches down the centre of the back, with dark hourglass markings edged in yellow1
  • A white or cream head with a fine dark central line and a dark blue-black triangle behind and below each eye1
  • Small raised 'horns' between the nostrils, which are tiny in this species1
  • Its camouflage works well among dead leaves under trees, so it can be hard to see1

常被誤認為： The Congolese giant toad (Sclerophrys channingi) may be a mimic of this snake. Its head appears to resemble the viper's head, while its body is darker.1

毒液力量

咬

咬的時候，毒液會從毒牙或牙齒出來。

牠的毒液有什麼作用？

The venom is cytotoxic, which means it damages cells, and cardiotoxic, which means it harms the heart. Each bite can deliver a large amount of venom, because the snake does not release its grip after biting.1

牠對人有多危險？

對人的危險: 非常危險如果沒有治療，牠可能會害死一個人。

Bites are extremely rare, because the snake is seldom aggressive and lives mostly in rainforest areas. Most bites happen when people accidentally step on it. Even an average bite from an average-sized snake is potentially fatal.1

好消息：醫生有藥（抗毒血清）或治療方法。1

牠害怕時會做什麼？

When threatened it hisses loudly in a deep, steady rhythm and flattens its head slightly with each breath. It is unlikely to strike unless it is severely provoked.1

如果牠咬人

  • Any bite should be treated as a serious medical emergency. Antivenom should be given as soon as possible to save the limb or the person's life.1
  • 讓傷者保持不動和冷靜，讓被咬的手臂或腿保持在和心臟一樣的高度，取下戒指和緊身的東西，並趕快送醫院。

一定要先打緊急電話（112、000、911）。這是一般急救指引，不是醫療建議。 急救基本知識

注意安全

  • 絕對不要碰、抓或捉弄野生動物，就算是很小的動物，就算牠看起來在睡覺或已經死了也一樣。
  • 給牠空間。如果遇到了，保持冷靜，慢慢往後退，讓牠自己離開。
  • 如果被牠咬了：保持冷靜，保持不動，打緊急電話（112、000、911）或趕快去醫院。記住牠的樣子，有照片會很有幫助。

牠不是想來抓你。牠用毒液來捕捉食物或保護自己，而且牠更想躲起來。 更多安全知識

在世界上的哪裡？

非洲亞洲歐洲北美洲南美洲澳洲與大洋洲

牠有多大？

牠有多長？

Gaboon viper 大約 1,8 m 長 (5,7 ft)一個大人 大約 1,7 m (5,6 ft)大人的腳踏車 大約 1,8 m (5,9 ft)

牠有多重？

跟 3 隻家貓一樣重
跟 4 隻家貓從鼻子接到尾巴一樣長跟 10 根香蕉頭尾相接一樣長可以在 90 秒內跑完 100 公尺（最快的人類需要 9.6 秒）

Gaboon viper 跟「你」比起來有多大？

只是在你的瀏覽器裡做算術。什麼都不會儲存，也不會傳送到任何地方。

牠有多快？

值得知道

小知識

1

A 1.8 m specimen caught in 1973 weighed 11.3 kg with an empty stomach. It is the heaviest venomous snake in Africa.1

2

Its eyes can move in unusual ways. If its head is turned 360°, one eye tilts up and the other tilts down.1

3

Although it is one of the fastest-striking snakes in the world, it usually tolerates handling and rarely bites or hisses.1

4

Unlike many African vipers, such as the puff adder, it does not release its grip after biting.1

5

Males fight by intertwining their necks and pushing. The winner pushes the other's head to the ground and raises his own head by 20–30 cm.1

破解迷思

迷思： Because it is calm and tolerant, it is safe to handle.

真相： Some writers have described it as so docile it can be handled as freely as a harmless snake. This is absolutely not recommended: it is one of the fastest-striking snakes, and bites by bad-tempered individuals do occur.1

給毒液專家

學名
Bitis gabonica
類群
蝰蛇
家人
Viperidae2
排序
Squamata
各大洲
非洲
寶寶
The young are born live, and a female can have 50 to 60 babies at one time.1
對人的危險
4 / 5: 非常危險3

知識的出處

  1. Gaboon viper (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
  2. Bitis gabonica (iNaturalist): 名稱和分類。
  3. Venom Wiki: 危險等級、一般大小和速度估計都是我們自己定的。看看我們是怎麼算出來的： 我們怎麼評估危險.

這一頁的每個知識都有一個數字，指向它的出處。如果我們寫錯了，對不起，我們是動物迷，不是科學期刊。寫信到 [email protected] 告訴我們，我們會修正。

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同一類群的其他動物: 蝰蛇

Puff adder蝰蛇致命Northeast African carpet viper蝰蛇致命West African carpet viper蝰蛇致命Rhinoceros viper蝰蛇可能致命West African Gaboon viper蝰蛇可能致命Horned adder蝰蛇需要看醫生

也分布在: 非洲

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