Venom Wiki
Venom Wiki / 所有生物 / 有毒液的蜥蜴
Gila monster 的卡通圖
第 0618 號，共 1 402 號

Gila monster

Heloderma suspectum
名字的由來： "Gila" comes from the Gila River Basin in Arizona and New Mexico, where the lizard was once common. "Heloderma" is Greek for "studded skin".1
需要看醫生很少致命，但被咬了需要看醫生。
有毒液的蜥蜴 咬吃：肉
對人的危險: 嚴重被咬了需要看醫生。死亡案例非常罕見。

The Gila monster is a heavy, slow-moving lizard with a venomous bite. It lives in the south-western United States and the Mexican state of Sonora. It is the only venomous lizard native to the United States, but it rarely poses a real threat to people.1

分布在
South-western United States and Sonora, Mexico, including Arizona, California, Nevada, Utah and New Mexico1
北美洲
首頁
It lives in scrubland, succulent desert and oak woodland, and shelters in burrows, thickets and under rocks. It spends about 90% of its life underground. It can be seen in puddles after a summer rain.1
長度
26 cm 到 56 cm (10,2 in 到 1,8 ft)1
體重
550 g 到 800 g (1,2 lb 到 1,8 lb)1
最高速度
大約 2,4 km/h（1,5 mph）
在陸地上: 走路很慢的人
牠吃什麼？
It eats small mammals, small birds, snakes, lizards, frogs, insects, eggs and carrion. It finds prey by smell, using its forked, black-blue tongue, and it hunts by day or night.1
是真的！Gila monster 的照片
Gila monster。照片：H. van der Ploeg。 CC BY-SA 4.0, iNaturalist.

怎麼認出牠

  • Adults are yellow to pink on a black background.1
  • Hatchlings have a simple, uniform pattern that is less colourful, and it changes over their first 6 months.1
  • It has a heavy body, a stout snout and a massive head.1
  • Adults can reach 56 cm in total length.1
  • Males often have larger, more triangular heads than females.1

常被誤認為： Its closest relatives are beaded lizards, which live in Mexico and Guatemala. In the United States, the Gila monster is the only venomous lizard.1

毒液力量

咬

咬的時候，毒液會從毒牙或牙齒出來。

牠的毒液有什麼作用？

The venom is made in glands in the lower jaw and flows along grooves in the lower teeth into the bite. It contains more than a dozen peptides and other substances, which cause pain and swelling. Four potentially lethal toxins have been found, which can cause bleeding inside the organs.1

牠對人有多危險？

對人的危險: 嚴重被咬了需要看醫生。死亡案例非常罕見。

The venom is usually not fatal to healthy adults. One death has been confirmed since 1930, on 16 February 2024. Earlier deaths involved adults who were drunk or whose bite was treated badly. Bites are painful and can cause shock, but the lizard is sluggish and rarely a real threat.1

牠害怕時會做什麼？

Its bright colours may warn predators to keep away, because it can inflict pain.1

如果牠咬人

  • Bites are painful and need emergency medical care, because the venom may cause shock. Get medical help as quickly as possible.1
  • 清洗傷口，讓傷者保持冷靜，並且就醫。

一定要先打緊急電話（112、000、911）。這是一般急救指引，不是醫療建議。 急救基本知識

注意安全

  • 絕對不要碰、抓或捉弄野生動物，就算是很小的動物，就算牠看起來在睡覺或已經死了也一樣。
  • 給牠空間。如果遇到了，保持冷靜，慢慢往後退，讓牠自己離開。
  • 如果被牠咬了：保持冷靜，保持不動，打緊急電話（112、000、911）或趕快去醫院。記住牠的樣子，有照片會很有幫助。

牠不是想來抓你。牠用毒液來捕捉食物或保護自己，而且牠更想躲起來。 更多安全知識

在世界上的哪裡？

非洲亞洲歐洲北美洲南美洲澳洲與大洋洲

牠有多大？

牠有多長？

Gila monster 大約 56 cm 長 (1,8 ft)一隻家貓 大約 50 cm (1,6 ft)一隻狗 大約 1 m (3,3 ft)

牠有多重？

跟 7 根香蕉一樣重
跟 3 根香蕉頭尾相接一樣長跟 18 塊玩具積木排成一排一樣長可以在 150 秒內跑完 100 公尺（最快的人類需要 9.6 秒）

Gila monster 跟「你」比起來有多大？

只是在你的瀏覽器裡做算術。什麼都不會儲存，也不會傳送到任何地方。

牠有多快？

值得知道

小知識

1

Exendin-4, one of the venom's peptides, led to the development of GLP-1 receptor agonists, which treat type 2 diabetes and obesity.1

2

Young Gila monsters can swallow up to half of their body weight in a single meal.1

3

It can store fat in its tail and survive a whole season on three to four large meals in spring.1

4

Its venom is thought to have evolved mainly for defence, because its prey is mostly eggs, small animals and other helpless prey.1

5

It can climb trees, cacti and fairly straight, rough-surfaced walls.1

6

Its teeth are replaced throughout its life, and broken teeth are replaced by the teeth behind them.1

破解迷思

迷思： Its bite is always fatal, and its breath is poisonous.

真相： The venom is usually not fatal to healthy adult humans. One death has been confirmed since 1930.1

給毒液專家

學名
Heloderma suspectum
類群
有毒液的蜥蜴
家人
Helodermatidae2
排序
Squamata
各大洲
北美洲
寶寶
Females lay eggs after a shed lasting about 2 weeks. Eggs and young are more vulnerable to predators than adults.1
對人的危險
3 / 5: 嚴重3

知識的出處

  1. Gila monster (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
  2. Heloderma suspectum (iNaturalist): 名稱和分類。
  3. Venom Wiki: 危險等級、一般大小和速度估計都是我們自己定的。看看我們是怎麼算出來的： 我們怎麼評估危險.

這一頁的每個知識都有一個數字，指向它的出處。如果我們寫錯了，對不起，我們是動物迷，不是科學期刊。寫信到 [email protected] 告訴我們，我們會修正。

蠍子肚子餓了！ Venom Wiki 是一個人的計畫：免費、沒有廣告、沒有追蹤器。一點點小費就能幫它繼續上線。餵蠍子

同一類群的其他動物: 有毒液的蜥蜴

Mexican beaded lizard有毒液的蜥蜴需要看醫生Chiapan beaded lizard有毒液的蜥蜴需要看醫生Guatemalan beaded lizard有毒液的蜥蜴需要看醫生Rio Fuerte beaded lizard有毒液的蜥蜴需要看醫生Komodo dragon有毒液的蜥蜴可能致命Desert monitor有毒液的蜥蜴只是會痛

也分布在: 北美洲

Terciopelo蝮蛇致命Eastern coral snake珊瑚蛇可能致命Eastern diamondback rattlesnake響尾蛇可能致命Eyelash viper蝮蛇可能致命Timber rattlesnake響尾蛇可能致命Western diamondback rattlesnake響尾蛇可能致命
餵蠍子小費罐，讓它保持免費