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Greater blue-ringed octopus 的卡通圖
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Greater blue-ringed octopus

Hapalochlaena lunulata
名字的由來： Its common name comes from the blue rings on its skin, which are larger than those of related octopuses.1
致命地球上最致命的動物之一。如果牠咬了你，要立刻求救。快速救援和抗毒血清能救活大多數人。立刻打緊急電話。
芋螺和章魚 咬吃：肉
對人的危險: 致命世界上最危險的動物之一。

The greater blue-ringed octopus is a small sea creature that lives in the warm shallow waters of the Indo-West Pacific, including around Australia. It is one of the most venomous marine animals in the world, so knowing what it looks like matters.1

分布在
Tropical and subtropical Indo-West Pacific, from Sri Lanka to the Philippines, and from Australia to Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands and Vanuatu1
印度洋, 太平洋, 珊瑚海, 菲律賓海, 帝汶海與阿拉弗拉海
首頁
It lives in shallow water over mixed seabeds such as rubble, reefs and sand. It hides in a burrow and comes out only to find food or a mate. The entrance to its burrow is littered with leftover crab and shell remains, which makes it easy to spot.1
長度
10 cm (3,9 in)1
最高速度
大約 25 km/h（16 mph）
游泳, 粗略估計
牠吃什麼？
It eats small crabs, shrimp and molluscs, and sometimes small injured fish. It pounces on prey, seizes it with its arms and pulls it to its beak, which pierces the shell or exoskeleton and releases venom.1
是真的！Greater blue-ringed octopus 的照片
Greater blue-ringed octopus。照片：Jens Petersen。 CC BY 2.5, Wikimedia Commons.

怎麼認出牠

  • A small octopus, up to 10 cm with its arms included, weighing about 80 grams on average.1
  • Electric blue rings, about 7 to 8 mm across, roughly 60 of them, spread over its whole skin.1
  • The rings flash iridescent blue as a warning signal, each flash lasting about a third of a second.1
  • Its body colour varies from yellow ochre to light brown, or whitish when inactive.1
  • Blue lines run through its eyes.1

毒液力量

咬

咬的時候，毒液會從毒牙或牙齒出來。

牠的毒液有什麼作用？

Its venom contains tetrodotoxin (TTX), a powerful neurotoxin, which is a poison that attacks the nerves. It paralyses the muscles needed for movement, and in people it can lead to death through respiratory paralysis, which means the breathing muscles stop working. Symptoms include tingling and numbness of the face and lips, sweating, severe headaches, dizziness, speech problems, weakness and vomiting. Symptoms can appear between 15 minutes and four hours after a bite, and the victim stays conscious throughout.1

牠對人有多危險？

對人的危險: 致命世界上最危險的動物之一。

The bite is capable of being fatal to humans. The bite is painless, so a person may not notice it. Children are more sensitive to the toxin. Death can occur between 20 minutes and 24 hours after symptoms begin.1

牠害怕時會做什麼？

It flashes its blue rings as a warning to predators, and it uses its venom to defend itself.1

如果牠咬人

  • 加壓固定法：用彈性繃帶緊緊包住咬傷處，再往上包住整條手臂或腿，用夾板固定，並讓傷者完全不動，直到救援抵達。
  • 藍環章魚或芋螺會讓人在意識還清醒時就停止呼吸：馬上求救，並準備好做人工呼吸，直到救護人員接手。

一定要先打緊急電話（112、000、911）。這是一般急救指引，不是醫療建議。 急救基本知識

注意安全

  • 絕對不要碰、抓或捉弄野生動物，就算是很小的動物，就算牠看起來在睡覺或已經死了也一樣。
  • 給牠空間。如果遇到了，保持冷靜，慢慢往後退，讓牠自己離開。
  • 如果被牠咬了：保持冷靜，保持不動，打緊急電話（112、000、911）或趕快去醫院。記住牠的樣子，有照片會很有幫助。

牠不是想來抓你。牠用毒液來捕捉食物或保護自己，而且牠更想躲起來。 更多安全知識

在世界上的哪裡？

非洲亞洲歐洲北美洲南美洲澳洲與大洋洲太平洋印度洋珊瑚海菲律賓海帝汶海與阿拉弗拉海

牠有多大？

牠有多長？

Greater blue-ringed octopus 大約 10 cm 長 (3,9 in)一根迴紋針 大約 3 cm (1,2 in)一支智慧型手機 大約 15 cm (5,9 in)
跟 3 塊玩具積木排成一排一樣長可以在 7,2 秒內游完一座大游泳池（50 公尺）

Greater blue-ringed octopus 跟「你」比起來有多大？

只是在你的瀏覽器裡做算術。什麼都不會儲存，也不會傳送到任何地方。

牠有多快？

值得知道

小知識

1

The greater blue-ringed octopus is one of the most venomous marine animals in the world, despite being small.1

2

Its venom contains tetrodotoxin, the same toxin found in pufferfish.1

3

There is no known antidote or antitoxin for tetrodotoxin, and the toxin does not break down when heated or boiled.1

4

Its blue rings are a warning signal to predators, showing that it is highly venomous.1

5

Males die after mating, and females die after guarding their eggs because they refuse to eat.1

破解迷思

迷思： A small octopus is harmless.

真相： Despite its small size, its bite can be deadly to humans.1

給毒液專家

學名
Hapalochlaena lunulata
類群
芋螺和章魚
家人
Octopodidae2
排序
Octopoda
各大洲
印度洋, 太平洋, 珊瑚海, 菲律賓海, 帝汶海與阿拉弗拉海, 海洋
寶寶
The female lays 50 to 100 eggs, which she carries under her arms for about a month. The young hatch as tiny planktonic paralarvae, about the size of a pea.1
壽命
大約 2 年1
對人的危險
5 / 5: 致命3

知識的出處

  1. Greater blue-ringed octopus (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
  2. Hapalochlaena lunulata (iNaturalist): 名稱和分類。
  3. Venom Wiki: 危險等級、一般大小和速度估計都是我們自己定的。看看我們是怎麼算出來的： 我們怎麼評估危險.

這一頁的每個知識都有一個數字，指向它的出處。如果我們寫錯了，對不起，我們是動物迷，不是科學期刊。寫信到 [email protected] 告訴我們，我們會修正。

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同一類群的其他動物: 芋螺和章魚

Geography cone芋螺和章魚致命Southern blue-ringed octopus芋螺和章魚致命Blue sea dragon芋螺和章魚只是會痛Common octopus芋螺和章魚無害Giant Pacific octopus芋螺和章魚無害Blue-lined octopus芋螺和章魚致命

也分布在: 印度洋

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