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Crown-of-thorns starfish 的卡通圖
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Crown-of-thorns starfish

Acanthaster planci
名字的由來： Its common name comes from the long, thornlike spines that cover its upper surface, which resemble the biblical crown of thorns.1
需要看醫生不要碰很少致命，但如果被牠的棘刺刺到，要去看醫生。
海膽、海星和蟲 有毒液的棘刺吃：肉
對人的危險: 嚴重如果被牠的棘刺刺到，要去看醫生。死亡案例非常罕見。

The crown-of-thorns starfish is a large starfish with long, sharp spines that look like a crown of thorns. It lives on coral reefs across the Indo-Pacific, from the Red Sea to the west coast of Central America, and it is most common around Australia. It feeds on hard coral, so it can change the reefs it lives on.1

分布在
Indo-Pacific: Red Sea, East African coast, Indian Ocean, Pacific Ocean to west coast of Central America; most common around Australia1
印度洋, 太平洋, 紅海, 珊瑚海, 菲律賓海, 南海, 安達曼海, 阿拉伯海與波斯灣, 帝汶海與阿拉弗拉海, 孟加拉灣
首頁
It lives where coral reefs or hard coral communities occur in tropical and subtropical waters.1
長度
25 cm 到 35 cm (9,8 in 到 1,1 ft)1
最高速度
大約 0,02 km/h（0,01 mph）
游泳, 粗略估計
牠吃什麼？
It is a coral predator that climbs onto living coral using its tube feet and pushes its stomach out over the coral. Digestive enzymes turn the coral tissue into liquid, which it absorbs, leaving a white scar of bare skeleton.1
是真的！Crown-of-thorns starfish 的照片
Crown-of-thorns starfish。照片：John Hepburn。 CC BY 4.0, Wikimedia Commons.

怎麼認出牠

  • Adults are normally 25 to 35 cm across.1
  • Up to 21 arms, with long, stiff, very sharp spines that are 4 to 5 cm long on the top and sides of the arms.1
  • Colour varies with diet or region: purple, purple-blue, reddish grey or brown with red spine tips, or green with yellow spine tips.1
  • The body is flexible and can bend and twist around coral surfaces.1

常被誤認為： A close relative, Acanthaster brevispinus, lives on soft sea floors at moderate depths rather than on coral reefs. The two are considered sibling species.1

毒液力量

有毒液的棘刺

尖銳的棘刺帶著毒液。踩到或抓到牠都會很痛。

牠的毒液有什麼作用？

The spines do not inject venom. When they pierce skin, tissue containing saponins (detergent-like chemicals) is left in the wound. In humans this causes a sharp, stinging pain that can last several hours, persistent bleeding, and nausea and swelling that may last a week or more.1

牠對人有多危險？

對人的危險: 嚴重如果被牠的棘刺刺到，要去看醫生。死亡案例非常罕見。

The spines can cause sharp pain, long-lasting bleeding, nausea and swelling. Brittle spines can break off and stay in the tissue.1

如果牠的棘刺刺到你

  • Spines that become embedded in the tissue must be removed surgically.1
  • 把傷口泡在熱水裡，水溫要在傷者能忍受、又不會燙傷的範圍內，並就醫請醫生取出棘刺。不要自己挖出來。

一定要先打緊急電話（112、000、911）。這是一般急救指引，不是醫療建議。 急救基本知識

注意安全

  • 絕對不要碰、抓或捉弄野生動物，就算是很小的動物，就算牠看起來在睡覺或已經死了也一樣。
  • 給牠空間。如果遇到了，保持冷靜，慢慢往後退，讓牠自己離開。
  • 如果被牠的棘刺刺到：保持冷靜，保持不動，打緊急電話（112、000、911）或趕快去醫院。記住牠的樣子，有照片會很有幫助。

牠不是想來抓你。牠用毒液來捕捉食物或保護自己，而且牠更想躲起來。 更多安全知識

在世界上的哪裡？

非洲亞洲歐洲北美洲南美洲澳洲與大洋洲太平洋印度洋紅海珊瑚海南海菲律賓海安達曼海阿拉伯海與波斯灣帝汶海與阿拉弗拉海孟加拉灣

牠有多大？

牠有多長？

Crown-of-thorns starfish 大約 35 cm 長 (1,1 ft)一根香蕉 大約 18 cm (7,1 in)一隻家貓 大約 50 cm (1,6 ft)
跟 11 塊玩具積木排成一排一樣長比花園蝸牛還慢

Crown-of-thorns starfish 跟「你」比起來有多大？

只是在你的瀏覽器裡做算術。什麼都不會儲存，也不會傳送到任何地方。

牠有多快？

值得知道

小知識

1

An individual starfish can consume up to 6 square metres of living coral reef per year.1

2

When taken out of water, its soft body ruptures and collapses, but its spines can recover their shape if it is put back in the water while still alive.1

3

Its body contains detergent-like saponins, so keeping starfish in small volumes of water with aeration produces large amounts of foam.1

4

It is one of the largest starfish in the world.1

5

It has lost the usual five-fold symmetry of starfish as it grew more arms, although it begins life with five-fold symmetry.1

破解迷思

迷思： Its spines inject venom like a snake or stinging animal.

真相： It has no mechanism for injecting toxin. Its spines pierce skin and leave saponin-containing tissue in the wound.1

給毒液專家

學名
Acanthaster planci
類群
海膽、海星和蟲
家人
Acanthasteridae2
排序
Valvatida
各大洲
印度洋, 太平洋, 紅海, 珊瑚海, 菲律賓海, 南海, 安達曼海, 阿拉伯海與波斯灣, 帝汶海與阿拉弗拉海, 孟加拉灣, 海洋
寶寶
It releases vast amounts of eggs and sperm (gametes) during mass spawning events in summer, and the eggs contain saponins similar to those in adults.1
對人的危險
3 / 5: 嚴重3

知識的出處

  1. Crown-of-thorns starfish (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
  2. Acanthaster planci (iNaturalist): 名稱和分類。
  3. Venom Wiki: 危險等級、一般大小和速度估計都是我們自己定的。看看我們是怎麼算出來的： 我們怎麼評估危險.

這一頁的每個知識都有一個數字，指向它的出處。如果我們寫錯了，對不起，我們是動物迷，不是科學期刊。寫信到 [email protected] 告訴我們，我們會修正。

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同一類群的其他動物: 海膽、海星和蟲

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也分布在: 印度洋

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