第 1397 號，共 1 402 號

Greenland shark

Somniosus microcephalus

名字的由來： Its family, Somniosidae, is known as the sleeper sharks.1

只是會痛會痛，但不會對你造成嚴重傷害。

其他有毒動物

吃了會中毒吃：肉有毒（碰或吃會中毒），不是有毒液

對人的危險: 疼痛可能會非常痛，但幾乎從來不會很嚴重。

The Greenland shark is a huge, slow shark that lives in the cold, deep waters of the North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans. It is famous for living longer than any known vertebrate (animal with a backbone). Its flesh is poisonous to eat unless it is specially prepared.1

有毒還是有毒液？有毒液的動物會用咬或螫把毒液注入身體。有毒的動物則是碰到或吃下去會有害。這種動物是有毒的（碰或吃會中毒）。

分布在

North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans1

北極海, 大西洋

首頁

It lives in cold deep water, usually between 100 and 1,200 metres down, where temperatures range from -1.1 to 7.4 °C. In winter it gathers in shallower water for warmth. It is sometimes seen around fishing boats and herds of seals, where it is drawn by the smell of rotting meat.1

長度

4 m 到 6,4 m (13 ft 到 21 ft)1

體重

1023 kg (2255 lb)1

最高速度

大約 2,6 km/h（1,6 mph）

游泳: 測量過最慢的鯊魚之一

牠吃什麼？

It is both a scavenger and an active predator, eating fish, seals, squid and sometimes small whales. It may ambush seals while they are asleep, and it uses suction to draw prey into its mouth. It also eats carrion.1

Greenland shark 的照片 — Greenland shark。照片：Hemming1952。 CC BY-SA 4.0, iNaturalist.

怎麼認出牠

A thickset, heavy body with a short, rounded snout1
Small eyes and small dorsal and pectoral fins1
Five very small gill openings for its size1
Colour ranges from pale creamy-grey to blackish-brown, usually uniform, sometimes with whitish spots or faint dark streaks on the back1
Often has small parasitic copepods (crustaceans) attached to its eyes1

毒素力量

吃了會中毒

只有被吃下去時才有害。

牠的毒素有什麼作用？

The shark is not venomous. Its meat is poisonous to mammals because it contains high levels of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), a natural chemical that makes the flesh toxic.1

牠對人有多危險？

對人的危險: 疼痛可能會非常痛，但幾乎從來不會很嚴重。

Greenland sharks are not considered a threat to people, because they live deep in remote, cold waters. Only one possible attack is recorded, in 1936, and it was never linked to this species. One unverified report from around 1859 describes a human leg found in a shark's stomach.1

牠害怕時會做什麼？

When hauled onto a boat, it thrashes its tail so violently that it is dangerous to stand near it, and its muscles can still twitch after death.1

如果有人碰了或吃了牠

如果有人吃了牠，或吃了之後出現症狀：立刻打緊急電話或打給毒物諮詢中心。

一定要先打緊急電話（112、000、911）。這是一般急救指引，不是醫療建議。急救基本知識

注意安全

絕對不要碰、抓或捉弄野生動物，就算是很小的動物，就算牠看起來在睡覺或已經死了也一樣。
給牠空間。如果遇到了，保持冷靜，慢慢往後退，讓牠自己離開。
如果你碰了或吃了牠：不要揉眼睛或摸嘴巴，把手洗乾淨，並且就醫。

牠不是想來抓你。牠的毒只是為了不讓別的動物吃掉牠。更多安全知識

在世界上的哪裡？

非洲亞洲歐洲北美洲南美洲澳洲與大洋洲大西洋北極海

牠有多大？

牠有多長？

牠有多重？

跟 51 隻狗一樣重

跟 6 隻狗從鼻子接到尾巴一樣長跟 36 根香蕉頭尾相接一樣長可以在 69 秒內游完一座大游泳池（50 公尺）

Greenland shark 跟「你」比起來有多大？

只是在你的瀏覽器裡做算術。什麼都不會儲存，也不會傳送到任何地方。

牠有多快？

一隻花園蝸牛 大約 0,05 km/h (0,03 mph)

Greenland shark 大約 2,6 km/h (1,6 mph)

一個正在游泳的人 大約 3 km/h (1,9 mph)

值得知道

小知識

It is thought to have the longest lifespan of any known vertebrate, estimated at between 272 and 510 years.1

It is one of the slowest-swimming fish for its size, with a fastest cruising speed of about 2.7 km/h.1

Parasitic copepods often attach to its eyes and can damage them, but this does not seem to shorten its life, because it relies mainly on smell and hearing.1

It is one of the largest shark species alive, with the largest confirmed specimen weighing around 1,023 kg.1

In Iceland, a specially treated form of its meat is eaten as a pungent delicacy called kæstur hákarl.1

Its slow metabolism is thought to be linked to its very long life, although this is still a hypothesis.1

破解迷思

迷思： The Greenland shark is a dangerous threat to humans.

真相： It is not considered a threat to people. It lives deep in cold, remote waters, and the only report of a possible attack was never confirmed as this species.1

給毒液專家

學名: Somniosus microcephalus
類群: 其他有毒動物
家人: Somniosidae2
排序: Squaliformes
各大洲: 北極海, 大西洋, 海洋
寶寶: Pups are born alive, after an estimated gestation period of 8 to 18 years. Females reach sexual maturity at around 150 years of age.1
對人的危險: 2 / 5: 疼痛3