第 1375 號，共 1 402 號

Long-spine porcupinefish

Diodon holocanthus

需要看醫生很少致命，但如果有人吃了牠，要去看醫生。

吃了會中毒吃：每樣都來一點有毒（碰或吃會中毒），不是有毒液

The long-spine porcupinefish is a marine fish covered in long, sharp spines. It lives in warm tropical and subtropical seas around the world, often over muddy seabeds or on reefs. Its beak-like jaws can crush hard prey such as sea urchins and shellfish.1

有毒還是有毒液？有毒液的動物會用咬或螫把毒液注入身體。有毒的動物則是碰到或吃下去會有害。這種動物是有毒的（碰或吃會中毒）。

分布在

Tropical and subtropical seas worldwide, including the Atlantic, western Indian and Pacific oceans1

太平洋, 大西洋, 印度洋, 紅海, 加勒比海, 珊瑚海, 菲律賓海, 南海, 墨西哥灣, 帝汶海與阿拉弗拉海, 孟加拉灣, 加利福尼亞灣

首頁

It is found over muddy sea bottoms, in estuaries, in lagoons, and on coral and rocky reefs in tropical and subtropical seas.1

長度

50 cm (1,6 ft)1

最高速度

大約 4 km/h（2,5 mph）

游泳, 粗略估計

牠吃什麼？

It feeds on molluscs, sea urchins, hermit crabs, snails and crabs, mainly at night when it is active. It uses its beak together with plates on the roof of its mouth to crush prey such as molluscs and sea urchins, which would otherwise be hard to digest.1

Long-spine porcupinefish 的照片 — Long-spine porcupinefish。照片：Dan Schofield。 CC BY 4.0, iNaturalist.

怎麼認出牠

Pale in colour, with large black blotches and smaller black spots. The spots become fewer as the fish gets older.1
Many long spines, each with two roots, which can be raised or lowered. They are especially numerous on the head.1
The teeth of the two jaws are fused into a parrot-like beak.1
Adults can reach 50 cm in length.1

常被誤認為： The black-blotched porcupinefish (Diodon liturosus) is the only other fish it might be confused with. The long-spine porcupinefish has much longer spines.1

毒素力量

吃了會中毒

只有被吃下去時才有害。

牠對人有多危險？

對人的危險: 嚴重如果有人吃了牠，要去看醫生。死亡案例非常罕見。

如果有人碰了或吃了牠

如果有人吃了牠，或吃了之後出現症狀：立刻打緊急電話或打給毒物諮詢中心。

一定要先打緊急電話（112、000、911）。這是一般急救指引，不是醫療建議。急救基本知識

注意安全

絕對不要碰、抓或捉弄野生動物，就算是很小的動物，就算牠看起來在睡覺或已經死了也一樣。
給牠空間。如果遇到了，保持冷靜，慢慢往後退，讓牠自己離開。
如果你碰了或吃了牠：不要揉眼睛或摸嘴巴，把手洗乾淨，並且就醫。

牠不是想來抓你。牠的毒只是為了不讓別的動物吃掉牠。更多安全知識

在世界上的哪裡？

非洲亞洲歐洲北美洲南美洲澳洲與大洋洲太平洋大西洋印度洋紅海加勒比海珊瑚海南海墨西哥灣菲律賓海帝汶海與阿拉弗拉海孟加拉灣加利福尼亞灣

牠有多大？

牠有多長？

跟 3 根香蕉頭尾相接一樣長跟 16 塊玩具積木排成一排一樣長可以在 45 秒內游完一座大游泳池（50 公尺）

Long-spine porcupinefish 跟「你」比起來有多大？

只是在你的瀏覽器裡做算術。什麼都不會儲存，也不會傳送到任何地方。

牠有多快？

一個正在游泳的人 大約 3 km/h (1,9 mph)

Long-spine porcupinefish 大約 4 km/h (2,5 mph)

奧運游泳選手 大約 8 km/h (5 mph)

值得知道

小知識

Its jaws are fused into a beak that looks like a parrot's, and it uses it to crack open sea urchins and molluscs.1

Its spines have two roots and can be raised or lowered.1

The black spots on its pale body become fewer as it ages.1

Young fish are found in groups, and they stay in open water until they reach about 7 cm.1

給毒液專家

學名: Diodon holocanthus
類群: 其他有毒動物
家人: Diodontidae2
排序: Tetraodontiformes
各大洲: 太平洋, 大西洋, 印度洋, 紅海, 加勒比海, 珊瑚海, 菲律賓海, 南海, 墨西哥灣, 帝汶海與阿拉弗拉海, 孟加拉灣, 加利福尼亞灣, 海洋
寶寶: It spawns at the surface at dawn or dusk, in pairs or in groups of males with one female. The young stay pelagic (living in open water) until they are at least 7 cm long.1
對人的危險: 3 / 5: 嚴重3