第 1259 號，共 1 402 號

Spiny dogfish

Squalus acanthias

名字的由來： The species name acanthias refers to the shark's two spines.1

只是會痛不要碰會痛，但不會對你造成嚴重傷害。

有毒液的魚

有毒液的棘刺吃：肉

對人的危險: 疼痛可能會非常痛，但幾乎從來不會很嚴重。

The spiny dogfish is a small, well-known shark with a sharp spine in front of each of its two back fins. It lives in shallow and offshore waters in most parts of the world, especially cooler seas, and it is hunted heavily for food. Its spines are its main form of defence.1

分布在

Shallow and offshore waters in most parts of the world, especially temperate seas; the northern Pacific population is now a separate species, the Pacific spiny dogfish1

大西洋, 太平洋, 印度洋, 地中海, 南冰洋, 北極海, 南極洲, 北海

首頁

It lives in shallow waters and further offshore, and is described as bottom-dwelling. It is commonly found at depths of about 50 to 149 m, and has been found deeper than 700 m. Commercial fishing brings it to fish markets, fish and chip shops and restaurants.1

長度

60 cm 到 84 cm (2 ft 到 2,8 ft)1

最高速度

大約 20 km/h（12 mph）

游泳, 粗略估計

牠吃什麼？

It eats squid, fish, crab, jellyfish, sea cucumber, shrimp and other invertebrates. It hunts in packs that can number into the thousands and is described as an aggressive hunter.1

Spiny dogfish 的照片 — Spiny dogfish。照片：Ecomare/Salko de Wolf。 CC BY-SA 4.0, iNaturalist.

怎麼認出牠

Two spines, one in front of each dorsal (back) fin.1
No anal fin on the underside.1
White spots along its back.1
Greyish brown on both sexes, with countershading (darker on top, paler underneath).1
Asymmetrical tail lobes, forming a heterocercal tail (the upper lobe is larger).1

常被誤認為： Several shark species share the names dogfish, spurdog and piked dogfish. Spiny dogfish are told apart by having two spines, one in front of each dorsal fin, and no anal fin.1

毒液力量

有毒液的棘刺

尖銳的棘刺帶著毒液。踩到或抓到牠都會很痛。

牠的毒液有什麼作用？

Its dorsal spines secrete a mild venom. The spines are driven into an attacker when the shark arches its back.1

牠對人有多危險？

對人的危險: 疼痛可能會非常痛，但幾乎從來不會很嚴重。

牠害怕時會做什麼？

If it is caught, it arches its back to pierce its captor with the spines near its dorsal fins.1

如果牠的棘刺刺到你

把傷口泡在熱水裡，水溫要在傷者能忍受、又不會燙傷的範圍內（先用你自己的手試水溫），泡 30 到 90 分鐘。要就醫，特別是被石頭魚和魟魚刺傷時。

一定要先打緊急電話（112、000、911）。這是一般急救指引，不是醫療建議。急救基本知識

注意安全

絕對不要碰、抓或捉弄野生動物，就算是很小的動物，就算牠看起來在睡覺或已經死了也一樣。
給牠空間。如果遇到了，保持冷靜，慢慢往後退，讓牠自己離開。
如果被牠的棘刺刺到：保持冷靜，保持不動，打緊急電話（112、000、911）或趕快去醫院。記住牠的樣子，有照片會很有幫助。

牠不是想來抓你。牠用毒液來捕捉食物或保護自己，而且牠更想躲起來。更多安全知識

在世界上的哪裡？

非洲亞洲歐洲北美洲南美洲澳洲與大洋洲南極洲太平洋大西洋印度洋北極海南冰洋地中海北海

牠有多大？

牠有多長？

跟 1,5 隻家貓從鼻子接到尾巴一樣長跟 5 根香蕉頭尾相接一樣長可以在 9 秒內游完一座大游泳池（50 公尺）

Spiny dogfish 跟「你」比起來有多大？

只是在你的瀏覽器裡做算術。什麼都不會儲存，也不會傳送到任何地方。

牠有多快？

奧運游泳選手 大約 8 km/h (5 mph)

Spiny dogfish 大約 20 km/h (12 mph)

全速前進的海豚 大約 35 km/h (22 mph)

值得知道

小知識

Dogfish sharks have one of the longest pregnancies of any organism, lasting around 18 to 24 months.1

Spiny dogfish hunt in packs that can range up into the thousands.1

In England, dogfish are sold in fish and chip shops as 'huss', and used to be sold as 'rock salmon' until that term was outlawed.1

Spiny dogfish are popular dissection specimens in high schools and universities because they are easy to get and have small, cartilaginous skulls.1

Squalus acanthias fossils from the Miocene of Denmark and the Netherlands date from about 11 million years ago.1

Males are identified by a pair of modified pelvic fins called claspers, which they use to transfer sperm to the female.1

破解迷思

迷思： All animals called dogfish or spurdog are the same species.

真相： These common names can apply to several species. Spiny dogfish are identified by their two spines, one in front of each dorsal fin, and by having no anal fin.1

給毒液專家

學名: Squalus acanthias
類群: 有毒液的魚
家人: Squalidae2
排序: Squaliformes
各大洲: 大西洋, 太平洋, 印度洋, 地中海, 南冰洋, 北極海, 南極洲, 北海, 海洋
寶寶: The eggs develop inside the mother and the pups are born alive, with about 5 to 6 in each litter; gestation can last from around 18 to 24 months, one of the longest of any organism.1
牠在野外的狀況: Vulnerable globally; Critically endangered in the Northeast Atlantic1
對人的危險: 2 / 5: 疼痛3