第 1380 號，共 1 402 號

Hooded pitohui

Pitohui dichrous

名字的由來： "Pitohui" is a Papuan word meaning "rubbish bird", a reference to the bird being inedible. "Dichrous" comes from Ancient Greek and means "two coloured".1

只是會痛不要碰會痛，但不會對你造成嚴重傷害。

其他有毒動物

皮膚裡有毒吃：每樣都來一點有毒（碰或吃會中毒），不是有毒液

對人的危險: 疼痛可能會非常痛，但幾乎從來不會很嚴重。

The hooded pitohui is a songbird with reddish-brown and black feathers that lives in the forests of New Guinea. It is one of the few birds known to be poisonous, and its toxins are held in its skin and feathers, so it is best left alone.1

有毒還是有毒液？有毒液的動物會用咬或螫把毒液注入身體。有毒的動物則是碰到或吃下去會有害。這種動物是有毒的（碰或吃會中毒）。

分布在

Endemic to New Guinea and the nearby island of Yapen1

澳洲與大洋洲

首頁

It lives in rainforest, forest edges, secondary growth and sometimes mangrove forests. It is found from sea level up to 2,000 m, and is most common in hills and low mountains.1

長度

22 cm 到 23 cm (8,7 in 到 9,1 in)1

體重

65 g 到 76 g (2,3 oz 到 2,7 oz)1

最高速度

大約 40 km/h（25 mph）

飛行, 粗略估計

牠吃什麼？

Its diet is mostly fruit, especially figs, along with grass seeds, insects and other invertebrates such as beetles, spiders and earwigs. It may also eat small vertebrates.1

Hooded pitohui 的照片 — Hooded pitohui。照片：unknown。 CC0, iNaturalist.

怎麼認出牠

Black upperwing, head, chin, throat, upper breast and tail1
Rest of the plumage is reddish brown1
Black bill and legs1
Males and females look alike1
Young birds look like adults, but their tail and wing feathers are tinged with brown1

常被誤認為： Other pitohuis are also poisonous and share a similar plumage, which is an example of convergent evolution. The non-poisonous juvenile greater melampitta has plumage similar to the hooded pitohui, which is Batesian mimicry.1

毒素力量

皮膚裡有毒

牠的皮膚有毒。碰、舔或吃牠都很危險。

牠的毒素有什麼作用？

This bird is poisonous rather than venomous. Its skin, feathers and other tissues contain batrachotoxin compounds, including homobatrachotoxin, which is a neurotoxin that attacks the nerves. In 1990, scientists preparing museum skins of this bird felt numbness and burning when handling them.1

牠對人有多危險？

對人的危險: 疼痛可能會非常痛，但幾乎從來不會很嚴重。

Local hunters know the bird is toxic and avoid it. Harm is most likely from handling the skin or feathers, since the toxins are concentrated there.1

牠害怕時會做什麼？

Its toxins are thought to deter predators and to help protect it from feather lice and ticks. Its bright, contrasting plumage may warn predators that it is distasteful.1

如果有人碰了或吃了牠

如果有人吃了牠，或吃了之後出現症狀：立刻打緊急電話或打給毒物諮詢中心。

一定要先打緊急電話（112、000、911）。這是一般急救指引，不是醫療建議。急救基本知識

注意安全

絕對不要碰、抓或捉弄野生動物，就算是很小的動物，就算牠看起來在睡覺或已經死了也一樣。
給牠空間。如果遇到了，保持冷靜，慢慢往後退，讓牠自己離開。
如果你碰了或吃了牠：不要揉眼睛或摸嘴巴，把手洗乾淨，並且就醫。

牠不是想來抓你。牠的毒只是為了不讓別的動物吃掉牠。更多安全知識

在世界上的哪裡？

非洲亞洲歐洲北美洲南美洲澳洲與大洋洲

牠有多大？

牠有多長？

牠有多重？

跟 76 根迴紋針一樣重

跟 7 塊玩具積木排成一排一樣長可以在 9,5 秒內飛過一整座足球場

Hooded pitohui 跟「你」比起來有多大？

只是在你的瀏覽器裡做算術。什麼都不會儲存，也不會傳送到任何地方。

牠有多快？

一個正在衝刺的人 大約 37 km/h (23 mph)

Hooded pitohui 大約 40 km/h (25 mph)

市區裡的汽車 大約 50 km/h (31 mph)

值得知道

小知識

Batrachotoxins are among the most toxic compounds in nature by weight, about 250 times more toxic than strychnine.1

Some pitohui toxins were first found only in poison dart frogs of Central and South America.1

The birds' toxicity varies by location and by individual, and some birds have been collected with no detectable toxins.1

It lives in family groups and often joins and even leads mixed-species foraging flocks.1

The bird's song is a variable set of three to seven whistles, which can slur up or down.1

破解迷思

迷思： The bird makes its own poison.

真相： The bird does not make the toxin itself. It is thought to take the toxin from its diet, possibly from Choresine beetles that contain it.1

給毒液專家

學名: Pitohui dichrous
類群: 其他有毒動物
家人: Oriolidae2
排序: Passeriformes
各大洲: 澳洲與大洋洲
寶寶: The species is a cooperative breeder, and family groups help protect the nest and feed the young.1
牠在野外的狀況: Common and not at risk of extinction, with stable numbers1
對人的危險: 2 / 5: 疼痛3