第 0155 號，共 1 402 號

Eastern brown snake

Pseudonaja textilis

名字的由來： The species name textilis was inspired by the fine-meshed pattern on the snake's body, which reminded its first describer of fine stockings.1

致命地球上最致命的動物之一。如果牠咬了你，要立刻求救。快速救援和抗毒血清能救活大多數人。立刻打緊急電話。

澳洲的蛇

咬吃：肉

對人的危險: 致命世界上最危險的動物之一。

The eastern brown snake is a slender snake that lives across eastern and central Australia and in southern New Guinea. It is one of the most venomous land snakes in the world, so it is important to know what it looks like. It often lives near farms and the edges of towns, where it hunts house mice.1

分布在

Eastern and central Australia, and southern New Guinea1

澳洲與大洋洲

首頁

It lives in most habitats except dense forests, including dry forests, grasslands, scrub, farmland and the outskirts of cities. It is often found near houses and farms, where it uses rubbish, sheets of corrugated iron, buildings, rocks, burrows and cracks in the ground for shelter.1

長度

2,4 m (7,9 ft)1

最高速度

大約 7,8 km/h（4,8 mph）

在陸地上, 粗略估計

牠吃什麼？

Its diet is mainly rodents, and its main prey is the house mouse. This is one reason it is often found near houses and farms.1

Eastern brown snake 的照片 — Eastern brown snake。照片：Matt。 CC BY 4.0, iNaturalist.

怎麼認出牠

Slender build, with no clear line between the head and neck.1
Upper parts range from pale brown to black, and sometimes orange or russet.1
Underside is pale cream or yellow, often with orange, brown or dark grey blotches.1
Young snakes usually have a black head and may have dark bands or a pattern across the body. These markings fade as the snake grows.1
Inside of the mouth is flesh-pink.1

常被誤認為： Large eastern brown snakes are often confused with mulga snakes, which share their habitat in many areas; they can be told apart by head size. Its yellowish underparts separate it from the dugite and peninsula brown snake, which are entirely brown or have grey underparts. Young eastern brown snakes have head markings similar to red-naped snakes, grey snakes, Dwyer's snakes and curl snakes.1

毒液力量

咬

咬的時候，毒液會從毒牙或牙齒出來。

牠的毒液有什麼作用？

Its venom mainly affects the circulatory system, which carries blood around the body. The main effects are coagulopathy (a problem with blood clotting), haemorrhage (bleeding), cardiovascular collapse (the heart and blood vessels failing) and cardiac arrest (the heart stopping). One of the main components is pseutarin-C, a prothrombinase complex that breaks down prothrombin, a substance needed for blood to clot.1

牠對人有多危險？

對人的危險: 致命世界上最危險的動物之一。

It is considered the world's second-most venomous land snake after the inland taipan, based on laboratory tests in mice.1

如果牠咬人

加壓固定法：用彈性繃帶緊緊包住咬傷處，再往上包住整條手臂或腿，用夾板固定，並讓傷者完全不動，直到救援抵達。
不要清洗咬傷處：醫院可以檢驗留在皮膚上的毒液，選出正確的抗毒血清。

一定要先打緊急電話（112、000、911）。這是一般急救指引，不是醫療建議。急救基本知識

注意安全

絕對不要碰、抓或捉弄野生動物，就算是很小的動物，就算牠看起來在睡覺或已經死了也一樣。
給牠空間。如果遇到了，保持冷靜，慢慢往後退，讓牠自己離開。
如果被牠咬了：保持冷靜，保持不動，打緊急電話（112、000、911）或趕快去醫院。記住牠的樣子，有照片會很有幫助。

牠不是想來抓你。牠用毒液來捕捉食物或保護自己，而且牠更想躲起來。更多安全知識

在世界上的哪裡？

非洲亞洲歐洲北美洲南美洲澳洲與大洋洲

牠有多大？

牠有多長？

跟 5 隻家貓從鼻子接到尾巴一樣長跟 13 根香蕉頭尾相接一樣長可以在 46 秒內跑完 100 公尺（最快的人類需要 9.6 秒）

Eastern brown snake 跟「你」比起來有多大？

只是在你的瀏覽器裡做算術。什麼都不會儲存，也不會傳送到任何地方。

牠有多快？

一個正在走路的人 大約 5 km/h (3,1 mph)

Eastern brown snake 大約 7,8 km/h (4,8 mph)

騎腳踏車的小朋友 大約 12 km/h (7,5 mph)

值得知道

小知識

In December 2023, an eastern brown snake paused a match at the Brisbane International tennis tournament for 40 minutes until a professional snake catcher removed it.1

In winter, it brumates (goes into a state of rest like hibernation). Groups have been found sheltering under concrete slabs of houses in Sydney.1

Its fangs are small compared with other Australian venomous snakes, averaging 2.8 mm and reaching up to 4 mm in larger specimens.1

Within its genus, it has the largest number of chromosomes, at 38 in its cells.1

Local Aboriginal peoples in Sydney, the Illawarra and the Wiradjuri region had their own names for it, and the Dharawal and Awabakal held ceremonies for it.1

破解迷思

迷思： Young and adult brown snakes are different species.

真相： Early scientists thought they were different because their markings differ. Later research showed that the markings of young snakes fade as they grow, and all these forms are the same species.1