第 0737 號，共 1 402 號

Sydney funnel-web spider

Atrax robustus

名字的由來： The species name robustus comes from the Latin word for strong, sturdy or mature.1

致命地球上最致命的動物之一。如果牠咬了你，要立刻求救。幾分鐘內就能致命。救援必須已經在路上。

捕鳥蛛和漏斗網蜘蛛

咬吃：肉

對人的危險: 致命世界上最危險的動物之一。

The Sydney funnel-web spider is a venomous spider from eastern Australia. It is found mostly within about 100 km of Sydney. Its bite can cause serious illness or death if it is not treated, so it is one of the most important spiders to know about in the region.1

分布在

Eastern Australia, mostly within a 100 km radius of Sydney, New South Wales1

澳洲與大洋洲

首頁

It lives in moist places, such as under logs, rocks and foliage, and in moist sand and clay. Males often wander into backyards and houses, and can fall into swimming pools.1

長度

5 cm (2 in)1

最高速度

大約 1,4 km/h（0,87 mph）

在陸地上, 粗略估計

牠吃什麼？

It eats insects such as beetles and cockroaches, land snails, millipedes, lizards and frogs. It waits in a silk-lined burrow and rushes out when prey walks across the trip-lines around the entrance, then injects venom to subdue it.1

Sydney funnel-web spider 的照片 — Sydney funnel-web spider。照片：Sputniktilt。 CC BY-SA 3.0, Wikimedia Commons.

怎麼認出牠

Body length is 1 to 5 cm.1
Both sexes are glossy and darkly coloured, from blue-black or black to brown or dark plum.1
The top of the body is almost hairless and looks smooth and shiny.1
It has finger-like spinnerets at the end of the abdomen.1
Males are smaller than females but have longer legs.1

毒液力量

咬

咬的時候，毒液會從毒牙或牙齒出來。

牠的毒液有什麼作用？

The venom contains delta-atracotoxin, which affects the ion channels of nerves and makes it highly toxic to humans and other primates. Symptoms can include intense nausea, vomiting, excessive saliva, muscle twitching, breathing difficulty, confusion and unconsciousness. In severe cases, symptoms begin in under one hour, with a median time of 28 minutes in one study.1

牠對人有多危險？

對人的危險: 致命世界上最危險的動物之一。

A bite can cause serious illness or death if untreated. Children are at particular risk: in one study, 42% of severe cases were children. There is at least one recorded case of a small child dying within 15 minutes of a bite. Only the Sydney funnel-web and the northern tree-dwelling funnel-web have been known to cause fatal bites in humans. There have been no recorded deaths since antivenom became available in 1981.1

好消息：醫生有藥（抗毒血清）或治療方法。1

牠害怕時會做什麼？

When threatened or provoked, it rears up on its hind legs, shows its fangs and may bite repeatedly while holding on tightly.1

如果牠咬人

A Sydney funnel-web bite is a medical emergency that needs immediate hospital treatment. Guidelines recommend two vials of antivenom, or four if symptoms are severe, with patients assessed every 15 minutes and more vials given if symptoms do not resolve.1
清洗咬傷處並冷敷。如果很痛或傷者覺得不舒服，要就醫。
在澳洲，任何大型黑色蜘蛛的咬傷都要當成漏斗網蜘蛛咬傷處理：加壓固定法：用彈性繃帶緊緊包住咬傷處，再往上包住整條手臂或腿，用夾板固定，並讓傷者完全不動，直到救援抵達。

一定要先打緊急電話（112、000、911）。這是一般急救指引，不是醫療建議。急救基本知識

注意安全

絕對不要碰、抓或捉弄野生動物，就算是很小的動物，就算牠看起來在睡覺或已經死了也一樣。
給牠空間。如果遇到了，保持冷靜，慢慢往後退，讓牠自己離開。
如果被牠咬了：保持冷靜，保持不動，打緊急電話（112、000、911）或趕快去醫院。記住牠的樣子，有照片會很有幫助。

牠不是想來抓你。牠用毒液來捕捉食物或保護自己，而且牠更想躲起來。更多安全知識

在世界上的哪裡？

非洲亞洲歐洲北美洲南美洲澳洲與大洋洲

牠有多大？

牠有多長？

比你的小指頭還短可以在 260 秒內跑完 100 公尺（最快的人類需要 9.6 秒）

Sydney funnel-web spider 跟「你」比起來有多大？

只是在你的瀏覽器裡做算術。什麼都不會儲存，也不會傳送到任何地方。

牠有多快？

一隻陸龜 大約 0,3 km/h (0,19 mph)

Sydney funnel-web spider 大約 1,4 km/h (0,87 mph)

一個正在走路的人 大約 5 km/h (3,1 mph)

值得知道

小知識

Males can survive submersion in water for up to twenty-four hours by trapping air bubbles on the hairs of their abdomen.1

One dose of antivenom needs around 70 milkings from a Sydney funnel-web spider.1

The most antivenom vials used to treat one bite is twelve, for a 10-year-old boy bitten in February 2017 by a male hiding in a shoe.1

Female spiders are long-lived and spend most of their time in their burrows. No severe envenoming by a female has been reported.1

Activity increases after heavy rain, because burrows can become flooded.1

破解迷思

迷思： The male and female funnel-web spiders were thought to be different species.

真相： In 1927, Anthony Musgrave showed from anatomical similarities that the male Euctimena tibialis was the male of Atrax robustus, the same species as the female.1