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Yellow-bellied sea snake 的卡通圖
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Yellow-bellied sea snake

Hydrophis platurus
名字的由來： Platurus comes from Ancient Greek words meaning 'flat' and 'tail', which refers to its flattened, paddle-shaped tail.1
需要看醫生很少致命，但被咬了需要看醫生。
海蛇 咬吃：魚類
對人的危險: 嚴重被咬了需要看醫生。死亡案例非常罕見。

The yellow-bellied sea snake is a sea snake with a strongly venomous bite. It lives in warm tropical oceans and spends its whole life at sea, floating on the surface. Its yellow belly and brown back make it easy to tell apart from most other sea snakes.1

分布在
Tropical oceans across the Indo-Pacific, the Pacific coasts of the Americas, the eastern coast of Africa, and parts of the Atlantic and Caribbean through occasional strays.1
太平洋, 印度洋, 珊瑚海, 南海, 菲律賓海, 安達曼海, 阿拉伯海與波斯灣, 帝汶海與阿拉弗拉海, 孟加拉灣, 加利福尼亞灣
首頁
It is a free-floating ocean snake that drifts on surface currents, often along oceanic drift lines and in floating mats of sea kelp. People most often meet it when it is washed up on beaches or caught in fishing nets.1
長度
88 cm (2,9 ft)1
最高速度
大約 3,7 km/h（2,3 mph）
游泳, 粗略估計
牠吃什麼？
It hunts pelagic fish that come to the surface to shelter. It floats still on the surface to attract them, then catches prey with a backwards swimming motion and a rapid lunge of the jaws.1
是真的！Yellow-bellied sea snake 的照片
Yellow-bellied sea snake。照片：Aloaiza。 CC BY 4.0, iNaturalist.

怎麼認出牠

  • Sharply bicoloured: black or dark brown on the back, with a yellow or brown underside.1
  • The yellow belly may have black spots, bars or crossbars, or a narrow black stripe along the back.1
  • Has a flattened, paddle-shaped tail for swimming.1
  • Adults are usually up to about 72 cm (males) or 88 cm (females) long.1

毒液力量

咬

咬的時候，毒液會從毒牙或牙齒出來。

牠的毒液有什麼作用？

The venom is highly potent and contains several different neurotoxins, which attack the nerves, along with two other isotoxins. Sea snake venom can damage skeletal muscle, which may release myoglobin into the urine (myoglobinuria), and can cause neuromuscular paralysis or direct kidney damage. Juvenile venom is on average less concentrated than adult venom.1

牠對人有多危險？

對人的危險: 嚴重被咬了需要看醫生。死亡案例非常罕見。

Bites are rare. The most common victims are fishermen who try to remove the snakes from fishing nets. No deaths have been recorded from bites in Australian waters.1

好消息：醫生有藥（抗毒血清）或治療方法。1

牠害怕時會做什麼？

It is not considered aggressive but will defend itself if threatened.1

如果牠咬人

  • The venom is neutralised with sea snake antivenom (Enhydrina schistosa). If that is not available, tiger snake or polyvalent antivenom should be used.1
  • 加壓固定法：用彈性繃帶緊緊包住咬傷處，再往上包住整條手臂或腿，用夾板固定，並讓傷者完全不動，直到救援抵達。
  • 把傷者帶離水中，趕快送醫院。

一定要先打緊急電話（112、000、911）。這是一般急救指引，不是醫療建議。 急救基本知識

注意安全

  • 絕對不要碰、抓或捉弄野生動物，就算是很小的動物，就算牠看起來在睡覺或已經死了也一樣。
  • 給牠空間。如果遇到了，保持冷靜，慢慢往後退，讓牠自己離開。
  • 如果被牠咬了：保持冷靜，保持不動，打緊急電話（112、000、911）或趕快去醫院。記住牠的樣子，有照片會很有幫助。

牠不是想來抓你。牠用毒液來捕捉食物或保護自己，而且牠更想躲起來。 更多安全知識

在世界上的哪裡？

非洲亞洲歐洲北美洲南美洲澳洲與大洋洲太平洋印度洋珊瑚海南海菲律賓海安達曼海阿拉伯海與波斯灣帝汶海與阿拉弗拉海孟加拉灣加利福尼亞灣

牠有多大？

牠有多長？

Yellow-bellied sea snake 大約 88 cm 長 (2,9 ft)一隻家貓 大約 50 cm (1,6 ft)一隻狗 大約 1 m (3,3 ft)
跟 2 隻家貓從鼻子接到尾巴一樣長跟 5 根香蕉頭尾相接一樣長可以在 49 秒內游完一座大游泳池（50 公尺）

Yellow-bellied sea snake 跟「你」比起來有多大？

只是在你的瀏覽器裡做算術。什麼都不會儲存，也不會傳送到任何地方。

牠有多快？

值得知道

小知識

1

It can swim backwards, which is an unusual ability and a distinguishing feature of this species.1

2

It breathes partly through its skin, taking oxygen from seawater while diving and swimming at the surface.1

3

It can survive severe dehydration for up to 7 months during seasonal drought.1

4

Large groups of thousands have been seen floating together on the surface in oceanic drift lines.1

5

It is the only sea snake known to have reached the Hawaiian Islands.1

6

Strays wash up so often on New Zealand's coasts that it is considered native to the country and protected under the Wildlife Act 1953.1

破解迷思

迷思： Sea snakes drink seawater and filter out the salt through a special salt gland in the lower jaw.

真相： Sea snakes drink only fresh water. The salt gland was once thought to filter salt, but it is not used for that purpose. The yellow-bellied sea snake likely drinks from freshwater lenses that form on the sea surface after heavy rain.1

給毒液專家

學名
Hydrophis platurus
類群
海蛇
家人
Elapidae2
排序
Squamata
各大洲
太平洋, 印度洋, 珊瑚海, 南海, 菲律賓海, 安達曼海, 阿拉伯海與波斯灣, 帝汶海與阿拉弗拉海, 孟加拉灣, 加利福尼亞灣, 海洋
寶寶
It gives birth to live young (ovoviviparous) after a gestation period of around 6 months, and females bear them in tidal pools.1
對人的危險
3 / 5: 嚴重3

知識的出處

  1. Yellow-bellied sea snake (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
  2. Hydrophis platurus (iNaturalist): 名稱和分類。
  3. Venom Wiki: 危險等級、一般大小和速度估計都是我們自己定的。看看我們是怎麼算出來的： 我們怎麼評估危險.

這一頁的每個知識都有一個數字，指向它的出處。如果我們寫錯了，對不起，我們是動物迷，不是科學期刊。寫信到 [email protected] 告訴我們，我們會修正。

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同一類群的其他動物: 海蛇

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也分布在: 太平洋

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