第 0288 号，共 1 402 张

Common European adder

Vipera berus

名字的由来： The word 'adder' comes from the Old English word nædre, which meant snake.1

需要看医生很少致命，但被咬了要去看医生。

蝰蛇

咬伤吃：肉

对人的危险: 严重被咬了要去看医生。死亡非常罕见。

The common European adder is a venomous snake that lives across much of Europe and as far east as East Asia. In several European countries it is the only native venomous snake. It is not aggressive and usually bites only when it is cornered, stepped on or picked up.1

生活在

Europe, across Russia to the Pacific Ocean, plus Sakhalin, North Korea, northern Mongolia and northern China1

欧洲, 亚洲

首页

It lives in many kinds of land, including chalky downs, moors, heaths, meadows, woodland edges, hedgerows, coastal dunes, stone quarries and rubbish tips. It also enters wetlands if there is dry ground nearby, so it may be found on the banks of streams, lakes and ponds.1

长度

60 cm到90 cm (2 ft到3 ft)1

体重

50 g到180 g (1.8 oz到6 oz)1

最高速度

约 3.4 公里/小时（2.1 英里/小时）

在陆地上, 粗略估计

它吃什么？

It mainly eats small mammals such as mice, rats, voles and shrews, along with lizards and amphibians such as frogs, newts and salamanders. It also takes birds, especially nestlings and eggs, climbing into shrubs and bushes to reach them. Young adders eat worms and spiders as well.1

Common European adder的照片 — Common European adder。照片：Charles J. Sharp。 CC BY-SA 4.0, Wikimedia Commons.

怎样认出它

Relatively thick body. Adults are usually about 60 cm long, including the tail.1
Most have a dark zigzag pattern running along the back and tail.1
A dark V or X marking is usually present on top of the head.1
A dark streak runs from the eye to the neck, then continues as spots along the sides.1
Females are usually brown with dark brown markings. Males are a uniform grey with black markings.1

毒液之力

咬伤

它咬的时候，毒液通过毒牙或牙齿出来。

它的毒液会造成什么？

Bites can be very painful, but they are rarely fatal.1

它对人有多危险？

对人的危险: 严重被咬了要去看医生。死亡非常罕见。

The adder is not regarded as especially dangerous. It is not aggressive and usually bites only when really provoked, stepped on or picked up. Bites are rarely fatal.1

它害怕时会做什么？

When it feels threatened, it usually slips away into the undergrowth. Some snakes, often pregnant females, hiss loudly to warn off danger, and the front of the body is drawn into an S-shape before a strike.1

如果它咬人

让人保持安静不动，被咬的肢体与心脏保持同一高度，摘下戒指和紧身物品，尽快送医院。

一定先拨打你的急救电话（112、000、911）。这里是一般急救指导，不是医疗建议。急救基础

注意安全

永远不要摸、抓或逗弄野生动物，即使是很小的，即使它看起来在睡觉或已经死了。
给它留出空间。如果遇到它，保持冷静，慢慢后退，让它走自己的路。
如果被它咬了：保持冷静，保持不动，拨打你的急救电话（112、000、911）或尽快去医院。记住它长什么样，拍张照片会有帮助。

它不是冲着你来的。它用毒液捕猎或保护自己，而且它更愿意躲起来。更多安全知识

在世界哪里？

非洲亚洲欧洲北美洲南美洲澳大利亚和大洋洲

它有多大？

它有多长？

它有多重？

和 1.5 根香蕉一样重

和 2 只家猫鼻子接尾巴一样长和 5 根香蕉首尾相接一样长110 秒就能跑完 100 米（最快的人需要 9.6 秒）

Common European adder和你比起来有多大？

只是在你的浏览器里算一算。什么都不会被保存或发送到任何地方。

它有多快？

一只陆龟 约 0.3 公里/小时 (0.19 mph)

Common European adder 约 3.4 公里/小时 (2.1 mph)

一个在走路的人 约 5 公里/小时 (3.1 mph)

值得了解

事实

It hibernates in winter. In northern Sweden, hibernation lasts 8 to 9 months, and it may come out to bask on mild days, sometimes crossing snow to do so.1

Around 15% of adults and 30 to 40% of juveniles die during hibernation.1

Males and females can often be told apart by colour, which is unusual for snakes.1

In several European countries it is the only native venomous snake.1

It is found farther north than any other snake species.1

谣言粉碎机

谣言： Adders are aggressive snakes that attack people.

真相： Adders are timid. They usually disappear at the slightest hint of danger and bite only when cornered, alarmed, stepped on or picked up.1

给毒液专家

学名: Vipera berus
类别: 蝰蛇
家人: Viperidae2
排序: Squamata
大洲: 欧洲, 亚洲
宝宝: It gives birth to live young rather than laying eggs. Females breed once every two or three years, and litters range from three to 20 young.1
它在野外过得怎么样: Least concern (IUCN Red List), although its population is decreasing. It is protected in many countries, and it is listed as endangered in Switzerland.1
对人的危险: 3 / 5: 严重3