第 0951 号，共 1 402 张

European hornet

Vespa crabro

只是会疼会疼，但不会对你造成严重伤害。

蜇伤吃：肉

The European hornet is the largest wasp that lives in Europe. It is a true hornet, and it is the only one of its kind found in North America, where it was introduced from Europe. It is best known for its large paper nests and its striking reddish wings and striped abdomen.1

生活在

Eurasia, from Japan to the United Kingdom; introduced to North America and found as far south as Guatemala1

欧洲, 亚洲

首页

It prefers to nest in dark places, usually hollow tree trunks, and its paper nests are often hidden by a surrounding envelope. In autumn, it can be found hovering around garbage cans and picnic areas.1

长度

2.5 cm到3.5 cm (1 in到1.4 in)1

体重

420 mg到540 mg (0 oz到0 oz)1

最高速度

约 33 公里/小时（21 英里/小时）

飞行, 粗略估计

它吃什么？

It is largely carnivorous and hunts large insects such as beetles, wasps, large moths, dragonflies and mantises. It also feeds on fallen fruit and other sugary food.1

European hornet的照片 — European hornet。照片：katunchik。 CC BY 4.0, iNaturalist.

怎样认出它

Eyes deeply indented and shaped like a "C"1
Reddish-orange wings1
Abdomen striped with brown and yellow1
Workers average about 2.5 cm long; queens can reach about 3.5 cm1
Has hair on the thorax and abdomen, but is not as hairy as most bees1

常被误认为： It is often mistaken for the Asian giant hornet because of its colours and abdomen pattern. The European hornet is significantly smaller than the Asian giant hornet, and it is larger than most common wasps, such as Vespula vulgaris.1

毒液之力

蜇伤

毒液通过蜇刺出来。

它的毒液会造成什么？

Its venom contains neurotransmitters such as dopamine, serotonin, histamine and noradrenaline, along with enzymes, proteins such as melittin and bradykinin, and a neurotoxin called apamin, which attacks the nerves. In one documented case, a person developed tingling at the sting, headaches and shortness of breath, along with a fast, irregular heartbeat.1

它对人有多危险？

对人的危险: 很疼可能真的很疼，但几乎从不严重。

Most stings do not need medical attention, but in rare cases they can be serious. In one documented case the victim needed hospital treatment, though that person may have been unusually sensitive to hornet and wasp stings.1

它害怕时会做什么？

It stings when it is stepped on or grabbed and is defensive of its nest, and it may sting without warning when near its nest or food. When alarmed, it performs a dance outside the nest with loud buzzing, darting in and out, and attacking or approaching the target.1

如果它蜇人

Most stings do not require medical attention. In rare serious cases, hospital treatment is needed; in one documented case, electrical cardioversion or the drug propafenone were effective treatments for the heart reactions.1
刮掉蜜蜂的蜇针，冷敷患处。
如果这个人呼吸困难、脸或喉咙肿胀，或感觉要晕倒，这是过敏急症：拨打急救电话，如果他们有肾上腺素笔就使用。

一定先拨打你的急救电话（112、000、911）。这里是一般急救指导，不是医疗建议。急救基础

注意安全

永远不要摸、抓或逗弄野生动物，即使是很小的，即使它看起来在睡觉或已经死了。
给它留出空间。如果遇到它，保持冷静，慢慢后退，让它走自己的路。
如果被它蜇了：保持冷静，保持不动，拨打你的急救电话（112、000、911）或尽快去医院。记住它长什么样，拍张照片会有帮助。

它不是冲着你来的。它用毒液捕猎或保护自己，而且它更愿意躲起来。更多安全知识

在世界哪里？

非洲亚洲欧洲北美洲南美洲澳大利亚和大洋洲

它有多大？

它有多长？

它有多重？

比一个回形针还轻

差不多和一个回形针一样长轻到放在手上你都感觉不到11 秒就能飞过一整个足球场

European hornet和你比起来有多大？

只是在你的浏览器里算一算。什么都不会被保存或发送到任何地方。

它有多快？

一只家蝇 约 7 公里/小时 (4.4 mph)

European hornet 约 33 公里/小时 (21 mph)

一个全力冲刺的人 约 37 公里/小时 (23 mph)

值得了解

事实

It is known to steal prey from spiders. This was first documented in 2011, when one took a wrapped insect from a yellow garden spider's web.1

It is the largest eusocial wasp native to Europe.1

Only females have a stinger, because it is a modified egg-laying device. Males cannot sting.1

In Germany, killing a European hornet or destroying its nest has been illegal since 1 January 1987, with a fine of up to €50,000, though fines are rarely imposed.1

It is the only true hornet found in North America, where it was introduced from Europe as early as 1840.1

谣言粉碎机

谣言： European hornets are aggressive and will attack people for no reason.

真相： It generally avoids conflict. It stings mainly when it is stepped on or grabbed, or when its nest or food is threatened.1

给毒液专家

学名: Vespa crabro
类别: 蜜蜂、胡蜂和大黄蜂
家人: Vespidae2
排序: Hymenoptera
大洲: 欧洲, 亚洲
宝宝: The queen lays eggs in the combs inside the nest. In laboratory data, egg-laying averaged 2.31 eggs per day.1
它在野外过得怎么样: Locally threatened or endangered in some areas1
对人的危险: 2 / 5: 很疼3