第 1358 号，共 1 402 张

Fire salamander

Salamandra salamandra

只是会疼不要触摸会疼，但不会对你造成严重伤害。

皮肤里有毒吃：昆虫碰了或吃了有毒，不注射毒液

The fire salamander is a black amphibian with bright yellow, and sometimes red or orange, markings. It lives in forests across most of southern and central Europe. Its bright colours warn predators that its skin is poisonous.1

有毒还是有毒液？有毒液的动物通过咬或蜇注入毒液。有毒的动物是碰了或吃了会受害。这一种是碰了或吃了有害的。

生活在

Most of southern and central Europe, including the Balkans and Spain1

欧洲

首页

Fire salamanders live in forests, especially deciduous woodland in hilly areas. They hide under fallen leaves, wood, stones and mossy tree trunks. They need small, clean brooks or ponds nearby for their young to develop, and people may meet them in damp woodland, especially in the evening, at night or on rainy days.1

长度

15 cm到25 cm (5.9 in到9.8 in)1

体重

40 g (1.4 oz)1

最高速度

约 0.5 公里/小时（0.31 英里/小时）

在陆地上, 粗略估计

它吃什么？

It mainly eats insects, spiders, millipedes, centipedes, earthworms and slugs. It occasionally eats newts and young frogs. It catches small prey with its vomerine teeth or the back of its tongue, to which the prey sticks.1

Fire salamander的照片 — Fire salamander。照片：Frank Vassen。 CC BY 4.0, iNaturalist.

怎样认出它

Black with yellow spots or stripes; the amount of yellow varies, and some are almost completely black1
Shades of red or orange may appear, replacing or mixing with the yellow, depending on the subspecies1
Grows to 15 to 25 cm long, making it one of Europe's largest salamanders1
Males and females look very similar, except in the breeding season, when the male has a swollen gland near his vent1

毒力

皮肤里有毒

它的皮肤有毒。摸、舔或吃都很危险。

它的毒会造成什么？

The fire salamander is poisonous rather than venomous, so it does not inject venom with a bite. Its skin secretions contain alkaloid toxins, mainly samandarin, which cause strong muscle convulsions and high blood pressure, combined with fast breathing, in all vertebrates. Another alkaloid, samandarone, has also been found in its skin secretions. The poison comes from glands concentrated around the head and along the back.1

它对人有多危险？

对人的危险: 很疼可能真的很疼，但几乎从不严重。

Some compounds in its skin secretions are potentially dangerous to human life. Touching the animal or handling its skin can expose people to the poison.1

它害怕时会做什么？

Its bright yellow, red or orange colours warn predators that it is poisonous, and it releases toxins from its skin glands.1

如果有人碰了或吃了它

如果有人碰了它：好好洗手，不要碰眼睛或嘴巴。如果孩子或宠物舔了或吃了它：打电话给中毒急救中心或急救电话。

一定先拨打你的急救电话（112、000、911）。这里是一般急救指导，不是医疗建议。急救基础

注意安全

永远不要摸、抓或逗弄野生动物，即使是很小的，即使它看起来在睡觉或已经死了。
给它留出空间。如果遇到它，保持冷静，慢慢后退，让它走自己的路。
如果你碰了或吃了它：不要揉眼睛或嘴巴，洗手并就医。

它不是冲着你来的。它的毒只是为了不被吃掉。更多安全知识

在世界哪里？

非洲亚洲欧洲北美洲南美洲澳大利亚和大洋洲

它有多大？

它有多长？

它有多重？

和 40 个回形针一样重

和 8 块玩具积木排成一排一样长

Fire salamander和你比起来有多大？

只是在你的浏览器里算一算。什么都不会被保存或发送到任何地方。

它有多快？

一只陆龟 约 0.3 公里/小时 (0.19 mph)

Fire salamander 约 0.5 公里/小时 (0.31 mph)

一个在走路的人 约 5 公里/小时 (3.1 mph)

值得了解

事实

One fire salamander lived for more than 50 years in Museum Koenig, a natural history museum in Germany.1

Larvae do not make the poison. It develops as the salamander matures, in the ovaries, liver and testes.1

Its skin poison may also help protect it against bacterial and fungal infections of the skin.1

Its bright colours are a warning signal. Scientists call this aposematism, meaning the animal advertises that it is poisonous.1

Some subspecies give birth to live young, while others release larvae into water. Only two subspecies, fastuosa and bernadezi, give birth to fully formed young.1

In captivity, females can store sperm for a long time and use it to produce another clutch of eggs. This has not been seen in the wild.1

给毒液专家

学名: Salamandra salamandra
类别: 毒蛙、蟾蜍和蝾螈
家人: Salamandridae2
排序: Caudata
大洲: 欧洲
宝宝: Eggs develop inside the female, and she puts the larvae into water as they hatch. In some subspecies, the young develop inside the female until she gives birth to fully formed young.1
寿命: 约 50 年1
它在野外过得怎么样: Vulnerable (IUCN Red List, 2023)1
对人的危险: 2 / 5: 很疼3