第 0844 号，共 1 402 张

Indian red scorpion

Hottentotta tamulus

名字的由来： The species name tamulus is thought to come from the Tamil people of southeastern India, where the scorpion occurs.1

致命地球上最致命的动物之一。如果它蜇了你，立刻呼救。快速救治和抗毒血清能救活大多数人。立刻拨打急救电话。

蝎子

蜇伤吃：肉

对人的危险: 致命世界上最危险的动物之一。

The Indian red scorpion is a small, venomous scorpion found across most of India, eastern Pakistan, the eastern lowlands of Nepal and, more recently, Sri Lanka. It often lives close to people, so its sting is a serious concern in busy rural areas, especially for children.1

生活在

Most of India, eastern Pakistan, the eastern lowlands of Nepal, and recently recorded in Sri Lanka1

亚洲

首页

It lives in vegetated lowlands with a humid subtropical to tropical climate, and often lives close to or inside human homes, especially in rural areas. It is found in scrubland, cropland, mango orchards, Eucalyptus plantations and under tree bark. People mostly meet it at night or in the early morning, when it crawls into beds or falls from ceilings.1

长度

5 cm到9 cm (2 in到3.5 in)1

最高速度

约 1.6 公里/小时（0.99 英里/小时）

在陆地上, 粗略估计

它吃什么？

It is nocturnal and hunts small invertebrates, and sometimes small vertebrates such as lizards.1

Indian red scorpion的照片 — Indian red scorpion。照片：Shantanu Kuveskar。 CC BY-SA 4.0, Wikimedia Commons.

怎样认出它

Its walking legs and the tips of its pincers are bright orange-yellow to light reddish-brown.1
Its body is about 5 to 9 cm long (50 to 90 mm).1
It has three distinct ridges (carinae) on the top of its body segments.1
It has rather small pincers, a moderately thick tail and a rounded tail tip with a large stinger.1
In males, the base of the pincers is slightly more swollen than in females.1

常被误认为： Under tree bark, its close relative Hottentotta pachyurus is far more common, making up about 91% of scorpions found there in one study in Pune, western India. Scorpions found under bark in that area are therefore more likely to be that species.1

毒液之力

蜇伤

毒液通过蜇刺出来。

它的毒液会造成什么？

The venom is a complex mixture of proteins, including a toxin called tamapin. It mainly affects the heart and lungs, causing symptoms such as severe local pain, vomiting, sweating, unconsciousness, muscle convulsions, breathlessness, abnormal heart rhythms, shock and pulmonary oedema (fluid in the lungs), which may cause death.1

它对人有多危险？

对人的危险: 致命世界上最危险的动物之一。

It is of great medical significance in densely populated areas of India and Nepal and occasionally causes human deaths. Clinical studies report fatality rates of 8 to 40%, and most victims are children. In Sri Lanka, 12 children in Jaffna died from its stings in 2011, and 80 patients were recorded in 2012.1

好消息：医生有药（抗毒血清）或治疗方法。1

如果它蜇人

Antivenin is the specific treatment, combined with supportive care such as vasodilators for heart effects and benzodiazepines for muscle effects. Scorpion antivenom has shown little effect in clinical treatment, while the drug prazosin, which lowers raised blood pressure, is usually recommended and reduces the mortality rate to less than 4%. Get to a hospital fast.1
用冰袋冷敷蜇伤处，让人保持不动。尽快就医，尤其是儿童：有些蝎子对孩子是致命的。

一定先拨打你的急救电话（112、000、911）。这里是一般急救指导，不是医疗建议。急救基础