第 0318 号，共 1 402 张

Palestine viper

Daboia palaestinae

可致命不治疗可能会要你的命。如果它咬了你，赶快求助。

咬伤

The Palestine viper is a venomous snake found in the Levant, the region around the eastern Mediterranean. It is considered a leading cause of snakebite within its range, so knowing what it looks like is important. It is also special because it lays eggs, unlike most other vipers.1

生活在

Levant: northern and central Israel, Palestine, western Syria, northwestern Jordan and Lebanon1

亚洲

首页

It lives in the Mediterranean coastal plains and the inland hills of Lebanon and Israel, along with nearby parts of Syria and Jordan. It is found in a wide range of habitats.1

长度

70 cm到1.3 m (2.3 ft到4.3 ft)1

最高速度

约 3.6 公里/小时（2.2 英里/小时）

在陆地上, 粗略估计

Palestine viper的照片 — Palestine viper。照片：Zuhair Amr。 CC BY 4.0, iNaturalist.

怎样认出它

The head is triangular and clearly separate from the neck, covered in small scales.1
The upper body has large dark, diamond-shaped (rhomboid) blotches, sometimes forming a zig-zag pattern.1
It usually measures 70 to 90 cm in total length (body plus tail), and can reach 130 cm.1

常被误认为： The harmless coin-marked snake lives in the same areas and is similar in length, colouring and defensive behaviour, so people often confuse the two. This resemblance is probably a case of Batesian mimicry, where a harmless animal copies a dangerous one.1

毒液之力

咬伤

它咬的时候，毒液通过毒牙或牙齿出来。

它的毒液会造成什么？

Its venom contains several groups of active compounds, including neurotoxins (which attack the nerves) and hemorrhagins (which damage blood vessels and cause bleeding). Other compounds include angioneurin growth factors and integrin inhibitors. Its LD50, a standard measure of how toxic a venom is, is 0.34 mg/kg.1

它对人有多危险？

对人的危险: 非常危险不治疗可能会害死人。

It is considered a leading cause of snakebite within its range. About 0.5% to 2% of people who are bitten die. At least 7 people are reported to have died from its bite in Israel in the 21st century so far.1

好消息：医生有药（抗毒血清）或治疗方法。1

如果它咬人

让人保持安静不动，被咬的肢体与心脏保持同一高度，摘下戒指和紧身物品，尽快送医院。

一定先拨打你的急救电话（112、000、911）。这里是一般急救指导，不是医疗建议。急救基础

注意安全

永远不要摸、抓或逗弄野生动物，即使是很小的，即使它看起来在睡觉或已经死了。
给它留出空间。如果遇到它，保持冷静，慢慢后退，让它走自己的路。
如果被它咬了：保持冷静，保持不动，拨打你的急救电话（112、000、911）或尽快去医院。记住它长什么样，拍张照片会有帮助。

它不是冲着你来的。它用毒液捕猎或保护自己，而且它更愿意躲起来。更多安全知识

在世界哪里？

非洲亚洲欧洲北美洲南美洲澳大利亚和大洋洲

它有多大？

它有多长？

和 2.5 只家猫鼻子接尾巴一样长和 7 根香蕉首尾相接一样长100 秒就能跑完 100 米（最快的人需要 9.6 秒）

Palestine viper和你比起来有多大？

只是在你的浏览器里算一算。什么都不会被保存或发送到任何地方。

它有多快？

一只陆龟 约 0.3 公里/小时 (0.19 mph)

Palestine viper 约 3.6 公里/小时 (2.2 mph)

一个在走路的人 约 5 公里/小时 (3.1 mph)

值得了解

事实

In the 1991 Gulf War, the code phrase "Nahash Tsefa" (Viper Snake) was broadcast on radio and TV to tell Israelis to put on their gas masks during missile attacks from Iraq.1

In 2018 it was chosen as the national snake of Israel, after a public campaign.1

The Israeli Air Force named its Bell AH-1 Cobra helicopter Tzefa, and the IDF's paratroopers battalion #202 is called the Tzefa Battalion.1

Some modern scholars think the tsefa snake mentioned in the Hebrew Bible is this species.1

A list of venomous snakes in the Brooklyn Papyrus, from the first millennium BC in ancient Egypt, probably includes it.1

给毒液专家

学名: Daboia palaestinae
类别: 蝰蛇
家人: Viperidae2
排序: Squamata
大洲: 亚洲
宝宝: Unlike most vipers, which give birth to live young, it lays eggs around August. The eggs hatch 1.5 to 2 months later, and the young can already bite and kill prey.1
它在野外过得怎么样: Least Concern1
对人的危险: 4 / 5: 非常危险3