第 0634 号，共 1 402 张

Redback spider

Latrodectus hasselti

名字的由来： It is called the redback because of the distinctive red stripe along the top of its abdomen.1

需要看医生很少致命，但被咬了要去看医生。

蜘蛛

咬伤吃：肉

对人的危险: 严重被咬了要去看医生。死亡非常罕见。

The redback spider is a highly venomous spider. It is thought to come from Australia, but it now also lives in Southeast Asia, Japan and New Zealand. It often lives close to people, in warm, sheltered places in and around homes, so it matters a great deal for safety.1

生活在

Australia, Southeast Asia, Japan and New Zealand; established colonies also in the United Arab Emirates1

澳大利亚和大洋洲

首页

It lives in warm, sheltered places, commonly near or inside human homes and other buildings. Food scraps and lights attract the insects it hunts, which brings the redback closer to people.1

长度

1 cm (0.4 in)1

最高速度

约 0.92 公里/小时（0.57 英里/小时）

在陆地上, 粗略估计

它吃什么？

It mainly catches insects, but also spiders, small lizards and occasionally even snakes or a mouse that become caught in its web. It squirts sticky silk over the prey, bites it repeatedly, wraps it in silk, then sucks out its liquefied insides back at its retreat.1

Redback spider的照片 — Redback spider。照片：Paul Whitington。 CC BY 4.0, iNaturalist.

怎样认出它

The adult female has a round, shiny black body with a red stripe on the top of the abdomen.1
Underneath, she has an hourglass-shaped red or orange streak.1
The female's body is about 1 cm long, with slender legs.1
The male is much smaller, 3 to 4 mm long, light brown with white markings on the upper abdomen and a pale hourglass marking underneath.1
Its web is an irregular, untidy tangle of strong silk, usually in a warm, sheltered spot.1

常被误认为： The false redback spider (Steatoda capensis) has a similar build but is uniformly black or plum-coloured, and it has no red stripe on its abdomen.1

毒液之力

咬伤

它咬的时候，毒液通过毒牙或牙齿出来。

它的毒液会造成什么？

The venom is neurotoxic to vertebrates, meaning it attacks the nerves, and it causes a condition called latrodectism. Pain starts around the bite and typically becomes severe, spreading up the bitten limb and lasting for over 24 hours. Localised sweating in patches of skin is highly indicative of latrodectism, and nausea, vomiting, headache and agitation may indicate severe envenomation.1

它对人有多危险？

对人的危险: 严重被咬了要去看医生。死亡非常罕见。

The redback is one of the few spider species that can seriously harm humans. Because it often lives in buildings, it is responsible for a large number of serious spider bites in Australia.1

好消息：医生有药（抗毒血清）或治疗方法。1

它害怕时会做什么？

Its bright scarlet markings may serve as a warning to potential predators.1

如果它咬人

清洗咬伤处，用冰袋冷敷止痛。如果疼得厉害、疼痛扩散或感到不适，就去看医生。

一定先拨打你的急救电话（112、000、911）。这里是一般急救指导，不是医疗建议。急救基础

注意安全

永远不要摸、抓或逗弄野生动物，即使是很小的，即使它看起来在睡觉或已经死了。
给它留出空间。如果遇到它，保持冷静，慢慢后退，让它走自己的路。
如果被它咬了：保持冷静，保持不动，拨打你的急救电话（112、000、911）或尽快去医院。记住它长什么样，拍张照片会有帮助。

它不是冲着你来的。它用毒液捕猎或保护自己，而且它更愿意躲起来。更多安全知识

在世界哪里？

非洲亚洲欧洲北美洲南美洲澳大利亚和大洋洲

它有多大？

它有多长？

小到能坐在你的指甲上

Redback spider和你比起来有多大？

只是在你的浏览器里算一算。什么都不会被保存或发送到任何地方。

它有多快？

一只陆龟 约 0.3 公里/小时 (0.19 mph)

Redback spider 约 0.92 公里/小时 (0.57 mph)

一个在走路的人 约 5 公里/小时 (3.1 mph)

值得了解

事实

A male redback can successfully mate with a female katipō, a related New Zealand spider, producing hybrid offspring.1

Males often mate with a female who may then eat them, a behaviour called sexual cannibalism that many arachnids show while mating.1

In laboratory tests, redbacks survived an average of 100 days, and sometimes over 300 days, without food.1

After mating, a female can store sperm for up to two years and use it to fertilise several clutches of eggs.1

Spiderlings and larger females steal food from other spiders' webs, and spiderlings sometimes eat their less active siblings.1

给毒液专家

学名: Latrodectus hasselti
类别: 蜘蛛
家人: Theridiidae2
排序: Araneae
大洲: 澳大利亚和大洋洲
宝宝: Each clutch averages 250 eggs, housed in a round white silken egg sac. Spiderlings hatch after about 8 days, though cooler temperatures can greatly slow this.1
寿命: 约 3 年1
对人的危险: 3 / 5: 严重3