第 0183 号，共 1 402 张

Pygmy copperhead

Austrelaps labialis

名字的由来： "Copperhead" refers to the colour of the scales on its back and around its snout and eyes, and "pygmy" refers to its smaller size compared with its relatives.1

需要看医生很少致命，但被咬了要去看医生。

澳大利亚的蛇

咬伤吃：肉

对人的危险: 严重被咬了要去看医生。死亡非常罕见。

The pygmy copperhead is a small, venomous snake found only in South Australia, mainly on Kangaroo Island and in the Fleurieu Peninsula and Mount Lofty Ranges. It is the smallest of the Australian copperheads. Its venom is dangerous, so prompt medical treatment matters.1

生活在

Endemic to South Australia: Kangaroo Island, Fleurieu Peninsula and Mount Lofty Ranges. Sightings on islands between mainland Australia and Tasmania.1

澳大利亚和大洋洲

首页

It lives in moist areas near streams, in swamps, marshland, and open sclerophyll woodland and forest, where average yearly rainfall is 600–800 mm. Sightings have also been made in the Adelaide Hills, and on islands near Tasmania, probably after accidentally stowing away on boats.1

长度

60 cm到1.2 m (2 ft到3.9 ft)1

最高速度

约 6.4 公里/小时（4 英里/小时）

在陆地上, 粗略估计

它吃什么？

It eats smaller animals, most often small lizards, frogs and tadpoles. It feeds more often than the highland and lowland copperheads. Cannibalism has also been reported.1

Pygmy copperhead的照片 — Pygmy copperhead。照片：unknown。 CC0, iNaturalist.

怎样认出它

Dorsal scales are brown to grey, with a darker stripe along the spine.1
The belly is cream to light grey, with red along the edges that fades to a brown-grey underside.1
The lip scales are barred with dark colour.1
Adults average about 80 cm long, with males usually larger than females.1
Newborns often have paler backsides than adults.1

常被误认为： The highland and lowland copperheads are larger, and the pygmy copperhead is the smallest of the Australian copperheads. It is not closely related to the American copperhead, Agkistrodon contortrix.1

毒液之力

咬伤

它咬的时候，毒液通过毒牙或牙齿出来。

它的毒液会造成什么？

The venom is strongly neurotoxic, which means it attacks the nerves, and its toxicity is similar to that of the Indian cobra. It is weakly coagulant and strongly anticoagulant, meaning it can both disrupt blood clotting and destroy blood and muscle. Without prompt treatment, a bite can cause possibly irreversible damage to nerve endings.1

它对人有多危险？

对人的危险: 严重被咬了要去看医生。死亡非常罕见。

Bites are considered possibly lethal. The snake is not known for being aggressive and is unlikely to attack unless it is stepped on or purposely provoked.1

好消息：医生有药（抗毒血清）或治疗方法。1

它害怕时会做什么？

It is generally unobtrusive and usually hides under leaf litter, old iron and haystacks.1

如果它咬人

Prompt antivenom treatment is essential, because bites are considered lethal without it. Antivenom developed from tiger snake venom cannot completely neutralise the neurotoxicity of pygmy copperhead venom.1
加压固定法：用有弹性的绷带紧紧缠住咬伤处，再缠满整条肢体，用夹板固定，让人完全不动，直到救援到来。
不要清洗咬伤处：医院可以检测皮肤上残留的毒液，以选择正确的抗毒血清。

一定先拨打你的急救电话（112、000、911）。这里是一般急救指导，不是医疗建议。急救基础

注意安全

永远不要摸、抓或逗弄野生动物，即使是很小的，即使它看起来在睡觉或已经死了。
给它留出空间。如果遇到它，保持冷静，慢慢后退，让它走自己的路。
如果被它咬了：保持冷静，保持不动，拨打你的急救电话（112、000、911）或尽快去医院。记住它长什么样，拍张照片会有帮助。

它不是冲着你来的。它用毒液捕猎或保护自己，而且它更愿意躲起来。更多安全知识

在世界哪里？

非洲亚洲欧洲北美洲南美洲澳大利亚和大洋洲

它有多大？

它有多长？

和 2.5 只家猫鼻子接尾巴一样长和 7 根香蕉首尾相接一样长56 秒就能跑完 100 米（最快的人需要 9.6 秒）

Pygmy copperhead和你比起来有多大？

只是在你的浏览器里算一算。什么都不会被保存或发送到任何地方。

它有多快？

一个在走路的人 约 5 公里/小时 (3.1 mph)

Pygmy copperhead 约 6.4 公里/小时 (4 mph)

一个骑自行车的孩子 约 12 公里/小时 (7.5 mph)

值得了解

事实

Sightings on islands near Tasmania are probably the result of snakes stowing away on boats.1

It is the only snake endemic to South Australia.1

It is the smallest of the Australian copperhead snakes.1

Its litter size is about half that of the other Australian copperheads, which is linked to its smaller body size.1

In field research, only about two thirds of surveyed adult females were reproductive, which suggests females do not breed every year.1

谣言粉碎机

谣言： Because it is small and not aggressive, the pygmy copperhead is harmless.

真相： Its venom is strongly neurotoxic, and its bite is considered possibly lethal without prompt antivenom treatment.1

给毒液专家

学名: Austrelaps labialis
类别: 澳大利亚的蛇
家人: Elapidae2
排序: Squamata
大洲: 澳大利亚和大洋洲
宝宝: It gives birth to live young, commonly seven per litter, with an average maximum of 20 in a single litter.1
对人的危险: 3 / 5: 严重3