第 1335 号，共 1 402 张

Cane toad

Rhinella marina

名字的由来： The common name comes from its use against the cane beetle, which damages sugar cane. The name 'marine toad' came from a mistaken belief that it lived in the sea.1

需要看医生不要触摸很少致命，但如果有人碰了或吃了它，要去看医生。

毒蛙、蟾蜍和蝾螈

皮肤里有毒吃：什么都来一点碰了或吃了有毒，不注射毒液

对人的危险: 严重如果有人碰了或吃了它，要去看医生。死亡非常罕见。

The cane toad is a large toad that is very poisonous to many animals. It is native to South and mainland Central America, but people have moved it to islands in Oceania and the Caribbean and to northern Australia. It matters because it spreads quickly and harms native wildlife and pets.1

有毒还是有毒液？有毒液的动物通过咬或蜇注入毒液。有毒的动物是碰了或吃了会受害。这一种是碰了或吃了有害的。

生活在

Native to South and mainland Central America. Introduced to islands in Oceania and the Caribbean, and to northern Australia.1

北美洲, 南美洲

首页

Cane toads live in open grassland and woodland. They prefer places changed by people, such as gardens and drainage ditches. In their native areas they can also be found in subtropical forests.1

长度

10 cm到24 cm (3.9 in到9.4 in)1

最高速度

约 2 公里/小时（1.2 英里/小时）

在陆地上, 粗略估计

它吃什么？

Cane toads eat both living and dead matter. They mainly find food by sight, but they can also use their sense of smell. Their diet includes small mammals, reptiles, birds, bats, many insects, plants, pet food and household rubbish.1

Cane toad的照片 — Cane toad。照片：Connor Margetts。 CC BY 4.0, iNaturalist.

怎样认出它

Very large, with adults usually 10 to 15 cm long1
Dry, warty skin with distinct ridges above the eyes that run down the snout1
A large parotoid gland (a swollen gland) behind each eye1
Grey, yellowish, red-brown or olive-brown skin, often with patterns1
Horizontal pupils and golden irises1

常被误认为： In Australia, adults can be confused with large native frogs, but these lack the large parotoid glands and the ridge between the nostril and eye. The giant burrowing frog has vertical pupils and silver-grey irises, while the cane toad has horizontal pupils and golden irises. In the United States, the southern toad has two bulbs in front of the parotoid glands.1

毒力

皮肤里有毒

它的皮肤有毒。摸、舔或吃都很危险。

它的毒会造成什么？

The toad's glands secrete a milky-white fluid called bufotoxin when it is threatened. Components of bufotoxin are toxic to many animals. In dogs, signs of poisoning include excessive drooling, extremely red gums, head-shaking, crying and loss of coordination.1

它对人有多危险？

对人的危险: 严重如果有人碰了或吃了它，要去看医生。死亡非常罕见。

The toxic skin can kill many wild and domestic animals. Dogs are especially at risk from licking or biting the toad. Human deaths have also been recorded after people ate cane toads.1

它害怕时会做什么？

When threatened, it releases bufotoxin from its glands.1

如果有人碰了或吃了它

如果有人碰了它：好好洗手，不要碰眼睛或嘴巴。如果孩子或宠物舔了或吃了它：打电话给中毒急救中心或急救电话。

一定先拨打你的急救电话（112、000、911）。这里是一般急救指导，不是医疗建议。急救基础

注意安全

永远不要摸、抓或逗弄野生动物，即使是很小的，即使它看起来在睡觉或已经死了。
给它留出空间。如果遇到它，保持冷静，慢慢后退，让它走自己的路。
如果你碰了或吃了它：不要揉眼睛或嘴巴，洗手并就医。

它不是冲着你来的。它的毒只是为了不被吃掉。更多安全知识

在世界哪里？

非洲亚洲欧洲北美洲南美洲澳大利亚和大洋洲

它有多大？

它有多长？

和 8 块玩具积木排成一排一样长180 秒就能跑完 100 米（最快的人需要 9.6 秒）

Cane toad和你比起来有多大？

只是在你的浏览器里算一算。什么都不会被保存或发送到任何地方。

它有多快？

一只陆龟 约 0.3 公里/小时 (0.19 mph)

Cane toad 约 2 公里/小时 (1.2 mph)

一个在走路的人 约 5 公里/小时 (3.1 mph)

值得了解

事实

Young toads lose the toxicity they had as eggs and tadpoles, and they only develop their poison glands later. Only an estimated 0.5% of cane toads reach adulthood.1

In Australia, tadpoles have evolved to be more likely to eat their siblings than tadpoles in South America.1

A female can lay thousands of eggs in one spawn, in strings up to 20 metres long.1

In the wild, cane toads can live 10 to 15 years, and one captive toad was reported to have lived 35 years.1

The cane toad is considered the largest species in the Bufonidae, the toad family.1

Cane toads eat both living and dead matter, which is unusual among frogs and toads.1

谣言粉碎机

谣言： The name 'marine toad' suggests that cane toads live in the sea.

真相： Cane toads do not live in the sea. The name came from a mistaken belief by an early naturalist.1

给毒液专家

学名: Rhinella marina
类别: 毒蛙、蟾蜍和蝾螈
家人: Bufonidae2
排序: Anura
大洲: 北美洲, 南美洲
宝宝: A female lays 8,000 to 25,000 eggs at once, in long jelly strings that can stretch up to 20 metres.1
寿命: 约 15 年1
对人的危险: 3 / 5: 严重3