No. 0528 / 1 402

Tiger rattlesnake

Crotalus tigris

名前について： The Latin name tigris means 'tiger', because its many narrow crossbands look like vertical stripes when seen from the side.1

お医者さんが必要命にかかわることはまれだけど、かまれたらお医者さんへ。

ガラガラヘビ

かむ食べもの：肉

人への危険: 深刻かまれたらお医者さんへ。死ぬことはとてもまれだよ。

The tiger rattlesnake is a small rattlesnake with a very venomous bite. It lives in the deserts and rocky hills of the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico. Its venom is among the most toxic of any rattlesnake, so it is important to recognise it and give the right first aid after a bite.1

すんでいる場所

Southwestern United States (central and south-central Arizona) and northwestern Mexico (southern Sonora)1

北アメリカ

ホーム

It lives in rocky desert canyons, foothills and bajadas (gently sloping areas at the base of mountains), and it can be found from sea level up to about 1,465 m. In southeastern Arizona it stays in rocky areas in winter and spring, and in summer it uses the edges of dry stream channels. It is mostly ground-dwelling but may climb into low vegetation.1

長さ

46 cmから91 cm (1.5 ftから3 ft)1

体重

454 g (1 lb)1

最高速度

時速約3.5 km（時速2.2マイル）

陸で, おおまかな予想

何を食べるの？

It mainly eats rodents and also eats lizards. It ambushes much of its prey and also actively hunts small rodents and lizards. Young snakes rely more on lizards, and adults depend more on rodents. It can also eat fairly large prey, such as pocket mice, kangaroo rats, deer mice, packrats and spiny lizards.1

Tiger rattlesnakeの写真 — Tiger rattlesnake。写真：Ltshears。 CC BY-SA 3.0, Wikimedia Commons.

見分け方

It has a small, spade-shaped head. It is the smallest head of any rattlesnake, and it is about 1/25 of its total body length.1
It has 35 to 52 narrow gray, olive or brown crossbands along the back. These are the only crossbands on the front part of a rattlesnake's body, and they can look like vertical stripes from the side.1
The ground colour is gray, lavender, blue-gray, pink or buff, and it often turns pink, pale orange or cream on the sides.1
A dark cheek strip is the most distinct mark on the head.1
It has a large rattle.1

毒パワー

かむ

かむときに、毒が牙や歯から出るよ。

その毒（かむ・刺す毒）はどうなるの？

Its venom contains a myotoxin, which damages muscle tissue and can cause muscle necrosis (death of muscle cells). It also contains a neurotoxin, which attacks the nerves and is similar to Mojave toxin. In recorded human bites, there was little local pain or swelling, and no significant whole-body (systemic) symptoms.1

人にとってどれくらい危険？

人への危険: 深刻かまれたらお医者さんへ。死ぬことはとてもまれだよ。

Human bites by this snake are infrequent, and few cases have been recorded. Its venom is very toxic, but its low venom yield and short fangs probably prevent severe envenoming in adults. The clinical picture could be much more serious for children or for people of slight build.1

いい知らせ：お医者さんには、これに効く薬（抗毒素）か治療法があるよ。1

こわいとき、どうするの？

If disturbed, it rapidly shakes its rattle and may strike in defence, and it has an irascible (easily angered) temperament.1

かまれたら

Early use of antivenom is important if significant envenoming is suspected. Get medical help straight away after any bite, even if the bite seems mild.1
その人をじっとさせて落ちつかせ、かまれた手足を心臓と同じ高さにして、指輪やきついものをはずし、急いで病院へ。

まず必ず救急番号（112、000、911）に電話しよう。これは一般的な応急手当の案内で、医療のアドバイスではないよ。応急手当の基本

安全に過ごそう

野生の動物には、小さくても、ねているように見えても、死んでいるように見えても、ぜったいにさわったり、つかまえたり、からかったりしないこと。
近づかないで。出会ったら落ちついて、ゆっくりあとずさりして、そのまま行かせてあげよう。
かまれたら：落ちついて、じっとして、救急番号（112、000、911）に電話するか、急いで病院へ行こう。見た目をおぼえておいてね。写真があると役に立つよ。

きみをねらっているわけじゃないよ。毒はエサをとったり身を守ったりするために使うだけで、本当はかくれていたいんだ。安全に過ごすためにもっと知ろう

世界のどこ？

アフリカアジアヨーロッパ北アメリカ南アメリカオーストラリアとオセアニア

どれくらい大きい？

どれくらい長い？

どれくらい重い？

バナナ4本分の重さ

飼いネコ2匹を鼻からしっぽまでならべた長さバナナ5本をたてにならべた長さ100 mを100秒で走れる（いちばん速い人間は9.6秒）

Tiger rattlesnakeは、きみとくらべてどれくらい大きい？

ブラウザで計算しているだけ。何も保存されないし、どこにも送られないよ。

どれくらい速い？

リクガメ 時速約0.3 km (0.19 mph)

Tiger rattlesnake 時速約3.5 km (2.2 mph)

歩いている人 時速約5 km (3.1 mph)

知っておく価値あり

データ

Its venom yield is small, but its toxicity is considered second highest of all rattlesnake venoms, after the Mojave rattlesnake.1

It has the smallest head of any rattlesnake, which helps it reach into small crevices to pull out prey that has crawled into them.1

Although it is a ground-dweller, it swims readily and has been found in bushes about 60 cm above the ground.1

Rattlesnake venom is used in biomedical research into neurological diseases.1

It is nocturnal during the hot summer, but becomes active during the day and at dusk in the autumn.1

うそ・ほんとう

うそ： Its small head and short fangs mean its bite is harmless.

ほんとう： Its venom is very toxic. Its small size and low venom yield probably prevent severe harm in adults, but children and slightly built people could be seriously affected.1

毒のエキスパート向け

学名: Crotalus tigris
グループ: ガラガラヘビ
家族: Viperidae2
ならびかえ: Squamata
大陸: 北アメリカ
赤ちゃん: It gives birth to live young, with an average litter of five. The young develop inside eggs in a thin sac in the mother's body, and they are well developed at birth.1
野生でのようす: Least Concern1
人への危険: 3 / 5: 深刻3