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Nose-horned viper

Vipera ammodytes

Tentang nama: The scientific name ammodytes comes from Greek words meaning 'sand' and 'burrower' or 'diver', even though it prefers rocky places rather than sand.1

Boleh membunuhBoleh membunuh kamu tanpa rawatan. Jika ia menggigit kamu, dapatkan bantuan dengan cepat.

Ular kapak & adder

GigitanMakan: Daging

Bahaya kepada manusia: Sangat berbahayaIa boleh membunuh orang yang tidak mendapat rawatan.

The nose-horned viper is a venomous snake with a small, soft horn on the tip of its snout. It lives on dry, rocky hillsides in northern Italy, the Balkans and parts of Asia Minor. It is often described as the most dangerous snake in Europe, so it is worth knowing what it looks like.1

Hidup di

Northern Italy, the Balkans, Greece, Turkey, Georgia and Syria, with records in southern Austria, Romania and Bulgaria.1

Eropah, Asia

Laman utama

It mainly lives on dry, rocky hillsides with sparse plants. It is sometimes found in woodland edges and clearings, and near people on railway embankments, farmland and vineyards where rubble piles and stone walls are present. At lower latitudes it may be found above 2000 m.1

Panjang

14 cm hingga 85 cm (5.5 in hingga 2.8 ft)1

Kelajuan maksimum

kira-kira 3.5 km/j (2.2 mph)

Di darat, anggaran kasar

Apa yang ia makan?

Adults mainly eat small mammals and birds, and juveniles mostly eat lizards. Larger prey is struck, released, tracked and then swallowed, while smaller prey is swallowed without using the venom.1

Gambar Nose-horned viper — Nose-horned viper. Gambar: Holger Krisp. CC BY 3.0, Wikimedia Commons.

Cara mengenalinya

A single small, soft and flexible horn on the snout, about 5 mm long.1
Males have a dark blotch or V-shaped marking on the back of the head and a thick black stripe running from behind the eye to the jaw.1
Males usually have a black tongue and a golden or coppery iris.1
Females are browner, with a less contrasting pattern and no dark blotch on the head.1
Both sexes have a dark zigzag stripe along the back, and the tail tip may be yellow, orange, red or green.1

Kuasa bisa

Gigitan

Bisa keluar melalui taring atau giginya apabila ia menggigit.

Apa kesan bisanya?

The venom has both proteolytic (breaks down tissue) and neurotoxic (attacks the nerves) parts, and it contains blood-clotting agents. Bites cause pain, swelling and discolouration, which may start straight away, and there are also reports of dizziness and tingling. Humans respond rapidly to this venom.1

Berapa bahaya ia kepada manusia?

Bahaya kepada manusia: Sangat berbahayaIa boleh membunuh orang yang tidak mendapat rawatan.

It is likely the most dangerous snake found in Europe, and in some areas it is a significant medical risk. The venom is rarely deadly when hospital care is available. It is generally lethargic and not aggressive, and it tends not to bite without considerable provocation.1

Berita baik: doktor ada ubat (antibisa) atau rawatan untuk ini.1

Apa yang ia buat apabila takut?

When surprised, some individuals stay still and hiss loudly, some hiss and then flee, and others try to bite immediately.1

Jika ia menggigit

Get to a hospital: the venom is rarely deadly when hospital care is available.1
Pastikan orang itu tidak bergerak dan tenang, letakkan anggota yang digigit pada paras jantung, tanggalkan cincin dan barang yang ketat, dan pergi ke hospital dengan segera.

Sentiasa hubungi nombor kecemasan dahulu (112, 000, 911). Ini panduan pertolongan cemas umum, bukan nasihat perubatan. Asas pertolongan cemas

Kekal selamat

Jangan sesekali sentuh, tangkap atau usik haiwan liar, walaupun yang kecil, dan walaupun ia nampak tidur atau mati.
Beri ia ruang. Jika kamu terjumpa, bertenang, undur perlahan-lahan dan biarkan ia pergi.
Jika ia menggigit kamu: bertenang, jangan bergerak, hubungi nombor kecemasan (112, 000, 911) atau pergi ke hospital dengan segera. Ingat rupanya, gambar boleh membantu.

Ia bukan mahu memburu kamu. Ia guna bisanya untuk menangkap makanan atau melindungi diri, dan ia lebih suka bersembunyi. Lagi tentang keselamatan

Di mana di dunia?

Afrika Asia Eropah Amerika Utara Amerika Selatan Australia & Oceania

Berapa besar ia?

Berapa panjang ia?

sepanjang 1.5 ekor kucing rumah dari hidung ke ekorsepanjang 5 biji pisang disusun hujung ke hujungboleh melepasi 100 meter dalam 100 saat (manusia paling laju perlukan 9.6)

Berapa besar Nose-horned viper berbanding KAMU?

Hanya matematik dalam pelayar kamu. Tiada apa yang disimpan atau dihantar ke mana-mana.

Berapa laju ia?

Kura-kura darat kira-kira 0.3 km/j (0.19 mph)

Nose-horned viper kira-kira 3.5 km/j (2.2 mph)

Orang berjalan kira-kira 5 km/j (3.1 mph)

berguna untuk diketahui

Fakta

Its venom is used to make antivenin for the bites of other European vipers, and the snake is farmed for this purpose.1

Its horn is soft and flexible, not hard like a true horn.1

Before mating, males perform a combat dance, similar to that of adders.1

On one island, snakes were smaller than elsewhere, which suggests regional or island dwarfism.1

It hibernates for two to six months each year, depending on conditions.1

It is ovoviviparous, meaning the eggs hatch inside the mother, so the young are born alive.1

Pemecah mitos

Mitos: Because of its reputation, it is an aggressive snake that bites readily.

Hakikat: It is generally lethargic and not at all aggressive. It tends not to bite without considerable provocation.1

Untuk pakar bisa

Nama saintifik: Vipera ammodytes
Kumpulan: Ular kapak & adder
Keluarga: Viperidae2
Susunan: Squamata
Benua-benua: Eropah, Asia
Anak: It gives birth to live young, with one to twenty born in late summer or autumn (August to October). The young are 14 to 24 cm long at birth.1
Keadaannya di alam liar: Strictly protected (Appendix II) under the Berne Convention1
Bahaya kepada manusia: 4 / 5: Sangat berbahaya3

Dari mana fakta datang

Vipera ammodytes (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
Vipera ammodytes (iNaturalist): nama dan pengelasan.
Venom Wiki: tahap bahaya, saiz biasa dan anggaran kelajuan adalah penilaian kami sendiri. Lihat cara kami mengiranya: Cara kami menilai bahaya.

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