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Kartun Spider-tailed horned viper
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Spider-tailed horned viper

Pseudocerastes urarachnoides
Tentang nama: The scientific name comes from Ancient Greek words meaning tail, spider and 'like', because of its spider-like tail tip.1
Perlu jumpa doktorJarang membawa maut, tetapi gigitannya perlu dirawat doktor.
Ular kapak & adder GigitanMakan: Daging
Bahaya kepada manusia: SeriusGigitannya perlu dirawat doktor. Kematian sangat jarang berlaku.

The spider-tailed horned viper is a venomous snake with a tail tip that looks like a spider. It lives only in the mountains of western Iran and the nearby eastern part of Iraq. It wiggles its tail to lure birds close enough to catch.1

Hidup di
Western Iran and the eastern part of Iraq, near the Iran-Iraq border, mainly on the western side of the Zagros Mountains1
Asia
Laman utama
It lives at higher elevations, mostly on rocky ground made of gypsum, and prefers deep cracks and holes in the rock. These spots trap humidity and moisture during hot summers. During the day it is most often found in the shade of a shrub.1
Panjang
60 cm (2 ft)3
saiz dewasa biasa
Kelajuan maksimum
kira-kira 3.4 km/j (2.1 mph)
Di darat, anggaran kasar
Apa yang ia makan?
It eats birds, including the Isabelline shrike and several warbler species. It waves the tip of its tail in a figure-of-eight pattern to lure insect-eating birds within striking range.1
Betul-betul!Gambar Spider-tailed horned viper
Spider-tailed horned viper. Gambar: Omid Mozaffari. Public domain, Wikimedia Commons.

Cara mengenalinya

  • The scales above each eye rise up into small horns.1
  • About 16 to 17 scales sit between the horns.1
  • The bulb-shaped tail tip is bordered by long, drooping scales that look like spider legs.1
  • The scales on the body are rougher than those of other species in its genus.1
  • It has 15 pairs of subcaudal scales (the scales on the underside of the tail).1

Sering dikelirukan dengan: It looks very similar to other Pseudocerastes vipers in the region, especially around the head. The unusual, spider-like tail tip is the feature that sets it apart.1

Kuasa bisa

Gigitan

Bisa keluar melalui taring atau giginya apabila ia menggigit.

Apa kesan bisanya?

Its venom mainly acts as a cytotoxin, which destroys cells across a wide variety of cell types, and it has minor neurotoxic effects, which attack the nerves. It is a procoagulant, meaning it makes blood clot, and reports describe clotting in about 13 seconds. The venom affects birds most strongly, and also affects mammals and amphibians. A 2021 study by Brouw found it has a coagulant effect on humans and affects Factor X, a protein needed for blood clotting.1

Berapa bahaya ia kepada manusia?

Bahaya kepada manusia: SeriusGigitannya perlu dirawat doktor. Kematian sangat jarang berlaku.

No human bite has ever been recorded in the wild. How severe its effects would be on people is not known.1

Jika ia menggigit

  • Pastikan orang itu tidak bergerak dan tenang, letakkan anggota yang digigit pada paras jantung, tanggalkan cincin dan barang yang ketat, dan pergi ke hospital dengan segera.

Sentiasa hubungi nombor kecemasan dahulu (112, 000, 911). Ini panduan pertolongan cemas umum, bukan nasihat perubatan. Asas pertolongan cemas

Kekal selamat

  • Jangan sesekali sentuh, tangkap atau usik haiwan liar, walaupun yang kecil, dan walaupun ia nampak tidur atau mati.
  • Beri ia ruang. Jika kamu terjumpa, bertenang, undur perlahan-lahan dan biarkan ia pergi.
  • Jika ia menggigit kamu: bertenang, jangan bergerak, hubungi nombor kecemasan (112, 000, 911) atau pergi ke hospital dengan segera. Ingat rupanya, gambar boleh membantu.

Ia bukan mahu memburu kamu. Ia guna bisanya untuk menangkap makanan atau melindungi diri, dan ia lebih suka bersembunyi. Lagi tentang keselamatan

Di mana di dunia?

AfrikaAsiaEropahAmerika UtaraAmerika SelatanAustralia & Oceania

Berapa besar ia?

Berapa panjang ia?

Spider-tailed horned viper panjangnya kira-kira 60 cm (2 ft)Kucing rumah kira-kira 50 cm (1.6 ft)Anjing kira-kira 1 m (3.3 ft)
sepanjang 3 biji pisang disusun hujung ke hujungboleh melepasi 100 meter dalam 110 saat (manusia paling laju perlukan 9.6)

Berapa besar Spider-tailed horned viper berbanding KAMU?

Hanya matematik dalam pelayar kamu. Tiada apa yang disimpan atau dihantar ke mana-mana.

Berapa laju ia?

berguna untuk diketahui

Fakta

1

Its tail is moved in a figure-of-eight pattern, and it moves faster when birds are nearby. Field studies have confirmed that this is a lure and not random movement.1

2

Footage of it luring migrating birds appears in the Asia episode of the BBC series Seven Worlds, One Planet, narrated by David Attenborough.1

3

A digested lark was found in the stomach of one of the specimens used to describe the species, supporting the idea that the tail lures birds.1

4

Its tail tip is a form of aggressive mimicry, where a predator looks like something else to attract its prey.1

5

Several other snakes, such as the sidewinder and the green tree python, also use the tip of their tail as a lure, but none has the elongated scales that look like arthropod legs.1

6

A specimen collected in 1968 was first identified as a Persian horned viper. It was only recognised as a separate species and described in 2006.1

Pemecah mitos

Mitos: The strange tail tip was caused by a parasite, a deformity or a tumour.

Hakikat: Early specimens were thought to have a damaged tail tip. In fact, the spider-like tail is a natural feature that the snake uses to lure birds.1

Untuk pakar bisa

Nama saintifik
Pseudocerastes urarachnoides
Kumpulan
Ular kapak & adder
Keluarga
Viperidae2
Susunan
Squamata
Benua-benua
Asia
Bahaya kepada manusia
3 / 5: Serius3

Dari mana fakta datang

  1. Spider-tailed horned viper (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
  2. Pseudocerastes urarachnoides (iNaturalist): nama dan pengelasan.
  3. Venom Wiki: tahap bahaya, saiz biasa dan anggaran kelajuan adalah penilaian kami sendiri. Lihat cara kami mengiranya: Cara kami menilai bahaya.

Setiap fakta di halaman ini ada nombor yang menunjuk kepada sumbernya. Jika kami tersilap, maaf, kami peminat haiwan, bukan jurnal sains. Beritahu kami di [email protected] dan kami akan betulkan.

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