No. 0458 kuri 1 402

Mamushi

Gloydius blomhoffii

Ibyerekeye izina: The specific name blomhoffii honours Jan Cock Blomhoff, who was director of the Dutch trading colony in Nagasaki, Japan, from 1817 to 1824.1

Ishobora kwicaIshobora kukwica niba utavuwe. Niba ikurumye, shaka ubufasha vuba.

Pit viper

IrarumaIrya: Inyama

Akaga ku bantu: Iteje akaga cyaneIshobora kwica umuntu utavuwe.

The mamushi is a pit viper, a type of snake that has heat-sensing pits between its eyes and nostrils. It lives in Japan, in places such as swamps, meadows and farmland. It matters because its bite is one of the most dangerous of Japan's snakes.1

Iba muri

Japan only. There is no evidence it occurs in the Ryukyu Islands.1

Aziya

Ahabanza

It lives in swamps, marshes, meadows, open woodland, rocky hillsides and montane rock outcroppings. It is often found in and around farmland because rodents are common there.1

Uburebure

45 cm kugeza kuri 81 cm (1,5 ft kugeza kuri 2,7 ft)1

Umuvuduko wo hejuru

hafi 3,3 km/h (2,1 mph)

Ku butaka, ikigereranyo cy'ugereranyije

Irya iki?

It is an ambush predator. It waits hidden in vegetation or leaf litter, then eats mainly rodents, along with small birds, lizards and insects.1

Ifoto ya Mamushi — Mamushi. Ifoto: Alpsdake. CC BY-SA 4.0, iNaturalist.

Uko wayimenya

Background colour is pale grey, reddish-brown or yellow-brown.1
A series of irregular blotches runs along the body. Each blotch has a black border and often a lighter centre.1
The head is dark brown or black, with beige or pale-grey sides.1
Adults are typically 45 to 81 cm long.1
It has excellent camouflage and often hides among plants or leaf litter.1

Ikunze kwitiranywa na: It is similar to the cottonmouths and copperheads (Agkistrodon) of the Americas, and it was long considered part of the same group.1

Imbaraga z'ubumara

Iraruma

Ubumara busohokera mu menyo yayo y'ubumara cyangwa mu yandi menyo iyo iriye.

Ubumara bwayo bukora iki?

Its venom is mostly haemolytic, meaning it breaks down red blood cells. It also contains two neurotoxins, which attack the nerves, and an anticoagulant, which stops blood from clotting. Reported effects include kidney failure, visual disturbances and palsy (paralysis).1

Iteje akaga kangana iki ku bantu?

Akaga ku bantu: Iteje akaga cyaneIshobora kwica umuntu utavuwe.

About 2000 to 3000 people in Japan are bitten by a mamushi each year. Approximately 10 die annually. Severe bites require intensive care, and typical bite victims need about one week of hospital treatment.1

Inkuru nziza: abaganga bafite umuti (umuti urwanya ubumara, antivenom) cyangwa uburyo bwo kuvura ibi.1

Niba iruma

Treatment is given in hospital. It involves cutting the wound to remove venom and injecting mamushi antivenom. Pregnant women who are bitten have had miscarriages, so medical care is essential.1
Umuntu agume atanyeganyega kandi atuje, urugingo rwarumwe rugume ku rwego rumwe n'umutima, mukuremo impeta n'ibindi bintu bifashe cyane, kandi mujye ku bitaro vuba.

Buri gihe banza uhamagare nimero y'ubutabazi (112, 000, 911). Izi ni inama rusange z'ubutabazi bw'ibanze, si inama za muganga. Ibanze by'ubutabazi bw'ibanze

Irinde akaga

Ntuzigere ukora, ufata cyangwa ushotora inyamaswa yo mu gasozi, nubwo yaba ntoya, kandi nubwo yasa n'isinziriye cyangwa yapfuye.
Yihe umwanya. Niba uhuye n'imwe, tuza, usubire inyuma buhoro buhoro kandi uyireke yigendere.
Niba imwe ikurumye: tuza, ntunyeganyege, hamagara nimero y'ubutabazi (112, 000, 911) cyangwa ujye ku bitaro vuba. Ibuka uko yasaga, ifoto irafasha.

Ntigushakisha ngo ikugirire nabi. Ikoresha ubumara bwayo kugira ngo ifate ibyo kurya cyangwa yirinde, kandi ikunda cyane kwihisha. Ibindi ku kwirinda

Ni hehe ku isi?

Afurika Aziya Uburayi Amerika y'Amajyaruguru Amerika y'Amajyepfo Ositaraliya na Oseyaniya

Ingana gute?

Ireshya ite?

ireshya n'injangwe zo mu rugo 1,5 zikurikiranye kuva ku zuru kugeza ku murizoireshya n'imineke 5 ikurikiranyeyakwiruka metero 100 mu masegonda 110 (umuntu wihuta kurusha abandi akenera 9,6)

Mamushi ingana ite ugereranyije NAWE?

Ni imibare gusa ikorerwa muri mudasobwa yawe. Nta kintu kibikwa cyangwa cyoherezwa ahandi.

Yihuta gute?

Akanyamasyo hafi 0,3 km/h (0,19 mph)

Mamushi hafi 3,3 km/h (2,1 mph)

Umuntu ugenda n'amaguru hafi 5 km/h (3,1 mph)

bikwiye kumenywa

Ibintu by'ukuri

Recovery takes a long time. Bite victims may need several months to fully recover, even after hospital treatment and weeks of follow-up care.1

It is highly resistant to its own venom because its blood contains neutralising factors, including phospholipase A2 (PLA2) inhibitors.1

Its beta-toxin acts before the nerve junction, so anticholinesterase drugs cannot block or treat its effects.1

Its venom contains a peptide called ablomin, which is very similar in amino acid sequence to helothermine, a venom peptide of the Mexican beaded lizard.1

It is considered one of the most venomous snakes in Japan, along with the yamakagashi and the Okinawan habu.1

Its venom varies very little across Japan in either potency or effects.1

Ku bahanga mu by'ubumara

Izina rya siyansi: Gloydius blomhoffii
Itsinda: Pit viper
Umuryango: Viperidae2
Itsinda rinini (order): Squamata
Imigabane: Aziya
Akaga ku bantu: 4 / 5: Iteje akaga cyane3

Aho ibintu bivugwa bituruka

Mamushi (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
Gloydius blomhoffii (iNaturalist): amazina n'ibyiciro.
Venom Wiki: urwego rw'akaga, ingano isanzwe n'ikigereranyo cy'umuvuduko ni ibyacu bwite. Reba uko tubibara: Uko tugena akaga.

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