Venom Wiki / Zvisikwa zvose / Mavhaipa nemaadder

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Bvumbi raRussell

Daboia russelii

Nezvezita: Yakatumidzwa zita raPatrick Russell, nyanzvi yezvisikwa yakatsanangura nyoka iyi muna 1796. Zita reboka rayo (genus) rinofungidzirwa kuti rakabva pashoko rechiHindi rinonzi daboyā, rinoreva kuti "inovanda" kana kuti "inohwandira".1

InourayaImwe yemhuka dzinouraya zvikuru paPasi. Kana ikakuruma, shevedza rubatsiro ipapo ipapo.Rubatsiro rwekukurumidza neantivenom zvinoponesa vanhu vazhinji. Fonera nhamba yechimbichimbi ipapo ipapo.

Mavhaipa nemaadder

InorumaInodya: Nyama

Ngozi kuvanhu: InourayaImwe yemhuka dzine ngozi zvikuru pasi rose.

Bvumbi raRussell inyoka ine uturu hwakawanda kwazvo inowanikwa kuSouth Asia. Ndeimwe ye"Big Four", dzinova nyoka ina dzine uturu dzinonyanya kuzivikanwa munharaunda iyi. Inozivikanwa nekuruma kunorwadza zvakanyanya. Kazhinji inogara pedyo nevanhu nekuti inovhima makonzo anowanikwa mumapurazi nemumisha.1

Inogara mu

India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Nepal nePakistan, kuSouth Asia1

Asia

Kumba

Inogara munzvimbo dzakavhurika dzine uswa kana makwenzi, musango remakwenzi, muminda yemiti nemuminda yezvirimwa. Kazhinji inowanikwa mumapani, munzvimbo dzakaderera dziri pedyo negungwa uye pazvikomo. Inowanzowanikwa mumaguta nemumisha, umo makonzo akawanda. Saka vanhu vanoshanda panze munzvimbo idzi ndivo vari panjodzi huru yekurumwa.1

Kureba

1,7 m (5,4 ft)1

Hurefu hukuru hwemuviri nemuswe. Pavhareji inenge 120 cm kunyika huru yeAsia, uye ipfupi zvishoma pazvitsuwa.

Kumhanya kukuru

kunenge 3,9 km/h (2,4 mph)

Pasi pevhu, kufungidzira

Inodya chii?

Inonyanya kudya makonzo. Inodyawo zvinokambaira zvidiki, makakanje anogara pamusha, zvinyavada nedzimwe tumhuka tune makumbo akaita mafundo (arthropods). Nyoka diki dzinovhima madzvinyu madekwana, uye dzinozova nyanzvi dzekudya makonzo sezvadzinokura.1

Mufananidzo waBvumbi raRussell — Bvumbi raRussell. Mufananidzo: AChawla. CC BY-SA 3.0, Wikimedia Commons.

Maziviro ayo

Muviri une ruvara rweyero yakasviba, rwejecha kana rwebrown, une mitsara mitatu yemavara ebrown yakasviba anotevedzana nemuviri wese1
Bara rega rega rakasviba rakakomberedzwa nedenderedzwa dema rine mupendero muchena kana weyero1
Mavara maviri akasviba patembe, uye pamusoro pemusoro pane chiratidzo chakaita sebhii V kana X, chepink, cheruvara rwehove yesalmon kana chebrown1
Musoro wakatsetseka une makona matatu, unonyatsoonekwa kuti wakasiyana nemutsipa1
Muviri wakakora, wakatenderera, une muswe mupfupi unenge 14% yehurefu hwese1

Inowanzovhiringidzwa ne: Shato diki rejecha rine makwande makasvava, Eryx conicus, kazhinji rine mavara akafanana nebvumbi raRussell. Harina njodzi zvachose, saka kungwarira kuchiri kudiwa nenyoka ipi neipi inotaridzika seizvi.1

Simba reuturu

Inoruma

Uturu hunobuda nemeno ayo painoruma.

Uturu hwayo hunoitei?

Meno ayo euturu akareba uye ane mhango mukati. Inogadzira uturu hwakawanda, uye mamwe mishumo inoti hombe inobudisa zvinenge 130 kusvika 250 mg. Zviratidzo zvekurumwa zvinotanga nekurwadziwa kwakanyanya nekuzvimba, zvotevedzwa nekubuda ropa mumazino uye muweti, kudzikira kweBP (kumanikidza kweropa) uye kurova kwemoyo kunononoka. Mabundu emvura anogona kupararira nechitsva chose (ruoko kana gumbo), uye itsvo dzinokundikana muzvikamu zvinenge 25 kusvika 30 kubva muzana zvekurumwa kusina kurapwa.1

Ine ngozi yakadii kuvanhu?

Ngozi kuvanhu: InourayaImwe yemhuka dzine ngozi zvikuru pasi rose.

Inozivikanwa nekuruma kunorwadza zvakanyanya, uye ndeimwe ye"Big Four", nyoka ina dzine uturu dzinonyanya kuzivikanwa munharaunda iyi. Uturu hunogona kuuraya vanhu vazhinji hunenge 40 kusvika 70 mg, uye izvi zviri mukati mehuwandu hunogona kupinzwa nekuruma kamwe chete. Rufu runogona kuitika mazuva 1 kusvika 14 mushure mekurumwa, kana dzimwe nguva kupfuura ipapo, nekuda kwehutachiona, kukundikana kwetsvo, kukundikana kufema kana kukundikana kwemoyo. Mune imwe tsvakurudzo yevanhu vakapona pakurumwa, 29% vakakuvara zvakanyanya pagland inonzi pituitary, izvo zvakazokonzera chirwere chinonzi hypopituitarism.1

Mashoko akanaka: vanachiremba vane mushonga (antivenom) kana kurapwa kwechinhu ichi.1

Inoitei kana yatya?

Painotyisidzirwa, inozvimonera ikaita madenderedzwa akatevedzana akaita sebhii S, inosimudza chikamu chimwe muzvitatu chemberi chemuviri wayo uye inoridza muridzo wakasimba kunge "shhh".1

Kana ikaruma

Kurapwa nevanachiremba nekukurumidza uye kuwana mushonga unorwisa uturu (antivenom) nekukurumidza zvinogona kudzivirira matambudziko akakomba uye zvinoderedza zvikuru mukana wekufa. Endai kunorapwa nekukurumidza sezvinobvira mushure mekurumwa kupi nekupi.1
Chengeta munhu asingafambe uye akadzikama, chengeta nhengo yakarumwa yakaenzana nemwoyo, bvisa mhete nezvinhu zvakasunga, uende kuchipatara nokukurumidza.

Gara uchitanga wafonera nhamba yechimbichimbi (112, 000, 911). Iri izano rakajairika rerubatsiro rwekutanga, kwete zano rechiremba. Zvakakosha zverubatsiro rwekutanga

Gara wakachengeteka

Usambobata mhuka yesango, kuedza kuitora kana kuinetsa, kunyange iri diki, uye kunyange ichiita seyakarara kana yakafa.
Ipa nzvimbo. Kana ukasangana nayo, dzikama, dzokera shure zvishoma nezvishoma uirege iende nenzira yayo.
Kana imwe ikakuruma: dzikama, gara wakanyarara, fonera nhamba yechimbichimbi (112, 000, 911) kana kuti enda kuchipatara nokukurumidza. Rangarira kuti yaitaridzika sei, mufananidzo unobatsira.

Haisi kukutsvaga. Inoshandisa uturu hwayo kubata chikafu kana kuzvidzivirira, uye inotonyanya kuda kuhwanda. Zvimwe pamusoro pekugara wakachengeteka

Kupi pasi rose?

Afrika Asia Yuropu Amerika yeKuchamhembe Amerika yeKumaodzanyemba Australia neOceania

Yakakura sei?

Yakareba zvakadii?

yakareba sekatsi dzepamba 3 kubva pamhuno kusvika kumusweyakareba semabhanana 9 akateedzanainogona kumhanya mamita 100 mumasekondi 92 (munhu anomhanyisa kupfuura vose anoda 9.6)

Bvumbi raRussell yakakura sei kana yaenzaniswa NEWE?

Masvomhu chete mubrowser yako. Hapana chinochengetwa kana kutumirwa kupi zvako.

Inomhanya zvakadii?

Kamba kunenge 0,3 km/h (0,19 mph)

Bvumbi raRussell kunenge 3,9 km/h (2,4 mph)

Munhu achifamba kunenge 5 km/h (3,1 mph)

zvakanaka kuziva

Chokwadi

Painorova, inogona kushandisa simba rakawanda zvekuti dzimwe hombe dzinosimuka kubva pasi.1

Muridzo wayo unonzi une ruzha kupfuura wenyoka ipi neipi.1

Hombe kazhinji dzinononoka uye dzine usimbe, uye hadziwanzorwisa kunze kwekunge dzatsamwiswa, asi dzinogona kurova nekukurumidza zvikuru.1

Rimwe shato rejecha risina njodzi rakashanduka nekufamba kwenguva rikava nemavara akaita sebvumbi iri, izvo zvingarirubatsira kudzivirira mhuka dzinoridya.1

Amai vanogona kutora maawa anoda kusvika 4,5 vachibereka, sezvinoratidzwa nekumwe kuberekwa kwakanyorwa kwevana 11.1

Kuputsa ngano

Ngano: Mabvumbi aRussell anodzingirira vanhu achivaruma.

Chokwadi: Kazhinji haarwise kunze kwekunge atsamwiswa. Maitiro awo ekutyisidzira, ekuzvimonera akaita bhii S nekuridza muridzo, akaita kuti vanhu vafunge kuti anodzingirira vanhu. Asi ane simba uye anogona kurwa zvakanyanya kana akasimudzwa.1

Kune nyanzvi dzeuturu

Zita resainzi: Daboia russelii
Boka: Mavhaipa nemaadder
Mhuri: Viperidae2
Odha: Squamata
Makondinendi: Asia
Vacheche: Inobereka vana vari vapenyu (ovoviviparous). Kazhinji inobereka vana 20 kusvika 40 panguva imwe, asi dzimwe nguva inogona kubereka mumwe chete, uye huwandu hukuru hwakamboshumwa ndehwe 75.1
Ngozi kuvanhu: 5 / 5: Inouraya3

Kwakabva chokwadi

Russell's viper (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
Daboia russelii (iNaturalist): mazita nekurongwa kwemhuka.
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